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PSY 140 > Ch 3, 4 & 5 > Flashcards

Ch 3, 4 & 5 Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

3 main parts of neuron:

A

Dendrites, axon & synaptic end

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2
Q

Dendrites:

A

Obtain message/receive incoming signals from other neurons

(Branch/finger like extension of soma)

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3
Q

Axon:

A

Carry message

(Major extension of cell body/long)

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4
Q

Synaptic End

A

Sends message/Releases neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft

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5
Q

What is action potential?

A

Electrical signal that moves down the neurons axon
/
Presynaptic neuron activates and sends electrical impulses down the axon to release neurochemicals

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6
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Chemical messenger of the nervous system

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7
Q

Reuptake is:

A

Neurotransmitter is pumped back into the neuron that released it

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8
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

A

Controls our internal organs and glands and is outside of the voluntary control.

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9
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do?

A

Associated with activities thought as conscious or voluntary. 

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10
Q

Three main brain regions:

A

Subcortical (brainstem), limbic system & cerebral cortex

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11
Q

What is included in the brainstem?

A

Medulla, pons, reticular formation, cerebellum, thalamus

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12
Q

What is in the limbic system?

A

Amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus

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13
Q

What is in the cerebral cortex?

A

Occipital lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe (somatosensory cortex) & frontal lobe (motor cortex)

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14
Q

What is the corpus callosum? What does it do?

A

Thick band of neural fibers connecting the brains two hemispheres.

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15
Q

How does REM sleep progress through the night?

A

First 3 stages of sleep are non-REM and fourth/final stage of sleep is REM (rapid eye movement)

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16
Q

What is meditation about?

A

Central feature of all meditation is clearing the mind in order to achieve a state of relaxed awareness and focus

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17
Q

Meditation is

A

The act of focusing on a single target to increase awareness of the moment

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18
Q

What is sensation?

A

When sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor

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19
Q

What is perception?

A

Way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced

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20
Q

Absolute threshold is

A

Minimum amount of stimulus energy that must be present for the stimulus to be detected 50% of the time. 

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21
Q

Difference threshold is

A

How much difference in stimuli is required to detect a difference between them

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22
Q

Signal detection theory is

A

The ability to identify stimulus when it is in embedded in a distracting background

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23
Q

Top down processing is

A

General to specific

Previous knowledge/experience creates Perception about new stimuli

Perceptual set is a good example

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24
Q

Bottom up processing is

A

Stimulus influences our perception (data driven)/ “real time”

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25
What is sensory adaptation?
Not perceiving stimuli that remain relatively constant over prolonged periods of time
26
Amygdala=
Fight/flight/freeze detecor
27
Hypothalamus=
Regulates hormones, regulates body temperature, sex drive, aggression, food drive, water drive, etc.
28
Hippocampus=
Memory center- takes immediate experience and stores it all over the brain for memory
29
Medulla=
Keeps you breathing
30
Pons=
Responsible for sleep/wake cycle
31
Reticular formation=
Regulating sleep/wake cycle, arousal, alertness, motor activity
32
Cerebellum=
Responsible for some memory and some fine motor skills (skills you can do out of your awareness, like driving and using a fork)
33
What is the “animal brain“?
Limbic system- basic
34
Occipital lobe =
Visual processing center/where are you see
35
Temporal lobe =
Responsible for hearing, has many language centers
36
Parietal lobe =
Sensory center (feeling) Somatosensory is here
37
Where is the somatosensory found?
Parietal lobe
38
Frontal lobe =
Responsible for all things that make us human = creative problem-solving, thinking, decision-making, anticipating, rational thinking, empathy, compassion, etc.
39
Somatosensory equals
Feeling
40
Motor area =
Move
41
What mental functions are associated with left hemisphere?
Reading, writing, calculations, speech, comprehension, etc (logical side)
42
What mental functions are associated with the right hemisphere?
Attention, processing of visual shapes and patterns, emotions, etc. (Creative side)
43
What is subliminal perception?
Aka subliminal messages- influence of series of external stimulus on emotions or actions involuntarily
44
What are the functions of sleep?
Development, energy conservation, brain waves clearance, performance, cognition, etc.
45
What are the types of meditation?
Mindfulness, spiritual, focus, movement, Manchester, progressive, loving, etc.
46
What are the factors in addiction?
Family history of addiction, mental health disorder, peer pressure, taking a highly addictive drug, genetics, environment, etc.
47
What is perceptual set?
Tendency to perceive objects or situations from a particular frame of reference
48
In just noticeable difference, what is the importance of size of the initial stimulus?
The minimum level of stimulation that a person can detect 50% of the time
49
What are the possible outcomes in signal Detection theory?
Change in stimulus detection as a function of current mental state
50
Thalamus =
Relay station, all information from your body senses (except smell) must be processed here before being sent to cerebral cortex
51
Major neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine, Beta-endorphins, Dopamine, GABA, Glutamate, Norepinephrine, Serotonin
52
Acetylcholine is involved in
Muscle action, memory
53
Acetylcholine effect on behavior:
Increased arousal, enhanced cognition
54
Beta-endorphins involved in:
Pain, pleasure
55
Beta-endorphins effect on behavior:
Decreased anxiety, decreased tension
56
Dopamine involved in
Mood, sleep, learning
57
Dopamine effect on behavior:
Increased pleasure, suppressed appetite
58
GABA involved in:
Brain function, sleep
59
GABA effect on behavior:
Decreased anxiety, decreased tension
60
Norepinephrine involved in
Heart, intestines, alertness
61
 norepinephrine effect on behavior:
Increased arousal, suppressed appetite
62
Serotonin involved in
Mood, sleep
63
Serotonin  effect on behavior:
Modulated mood, suppressed appetite
64
Glutamate involved in
Memory, learning
65
Glutamate effect on behavior
Increased learning, enhanced memory

PSY 140 (3 decks)

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