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A&P > Ch 3 > Flashcards

Ch 3 Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

Functions of the Cell (4 total)

A
  1. Cell metabolism and energy use. 2. Synthesis of molecules 3. Communication. Produce and revive electrical and chemical signals
  2. Reproduction and Inheritance. Each cell contains DNA. Some cells
    - > gametes. DNA exchange during sexual intercourse
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2
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Separates intracellular from extracellular

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3
Q

Membrane potential

A

a charge across the membrane from intracellular and extracellular ion connections.

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4
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Is the collection on glycolipids, glycoproteins, and carbohydrates.

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5
Q

Carbohydrates + lipids

A

Glycolipids

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6
Q

Carbohydrates + proteins

A

Glycoproteins

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7
Q

Membrane lipids

A

Phospholipids and cholesterol

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8
Q

Phospholipids

A

from lipids bilayers

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9
Q

Cholesterol

A

More cholesterol = less fluid the membrane

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10
Q

Membrane has a fluid nature

A

Phospholipids automatically repair if membrane damaged

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11
Q

MATER (5 words)

A 
Maker molecules 
Attachment proteins 
Transport proteins 
Enzymes 
Receptor proteins
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12
Q

Maker molecules

A

Allow cells to identify other cells or other molecules

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13
Q

Basic structures of the cell

A
  1. Plasma membrane 2. Cytoplasm 3. Nucleus
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14
Q

Attachment proteins

A

Anchor cells to other cells or to extracellular molecules

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15
Q

Channel proteins

A

From passageways through the plasma membrane, allowing specific ions or molecules to enter or exit the cell; may be gated or non gated

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16
Q

Carrier proteins

A

Move ions or molecules across the membrane

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17
Q

Atp powered pump

A

Moves specific ions or molecules across the membrane

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18
Q

Enzymes

A

Catalyze chemical reactions either inside or outside cells

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19
Q

Receptor proteins

A

Have receptor sites - can attach to specific chemical signals

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20
Q

Cadherins

A

Cells to cells

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21
Q

Integrins

A

Integral proteins that attach to extracellular molecules

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22
Q

3 transport proteins

A

Channel proteins, carrier proteins, ATP powered pumps

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23
Q

What a non gated ion channels

A

They are always open. Plasma membrane permeable to a few ions when the plasma membrane is at rest

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24
Q

What are gated ion channels

A

Open or closed by stimuli.

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25
Ligand gated ion channel
Open - a small molecule binds to protein or glycoproteins
26
Voltage gated ion channel
Opens- a change in charge across plasma membrane
27
Integral proteins
Move ion from one site of membrane to another - specific binding sites - protein changes shape then resumes original shape
28
Uniporters
Moves ONE particle
29
Symporters
Move TWO particles in same direction at same time
30
Anitporters
Movie TWO particles AT OPPOSITE directions at the SAME time
31
ATP-Powered transport
Requires ATP | Rate of transport depends on concentration of substrate and ATP
32
Passive membrane transport (no energy needed)
- Diffusion - Osmosis - Facilitated diffusion
33
Active Membrane Transport (energy needed)
- Active transport - Secondary Active transport - Vesicular Transport
34
Diffusion
Movement of solutes in solution - higher concentration to lower concentration
35
Concentration or density gradient
Difference between between two points
36
Viscosity
How easily a liquid flows
37
Temperature (Diffusion)
Affects movement of particles.
38
Osmosis
Diffusion of water (solvent) across a selectively permeable membrane. Water moves - area of low concentration of solute -> area of high concentration of solute
39
Osmotic pressure
Force required to prevent water from moving across a membrane by osmosis
40
Isosmotic
Solutions with drake concentrations of solute particles
41
Hyper osmotic
Solution with w grater concentration of solute
42
Hyposmotic
Solution with a lesser concentration of solute
43
What is osmotic pressure ?
The force required to prevent water from moving across a membrane by osmosis
44
Isotonic solution
Cell neither shrinks nor swells.
45
Hypertonic solution
Cell shrinks (crenation)
46
Hypotonic solution
Cell swells (lysis)
47
Facilitated diffusion
Carrier mediated or channel meditate passive membrane transport process that moves substance into or out of cells from a higher to a lower concentration
48
Symport
If ion or molecules move in the same direction
49
Antiport
If ions or molecules move in a different direction
50
Vesicular transport - Endocytosis
Internalization of substances - formation of vesicle
51
Cellular material outside nucleus but inside plasma membrane
1. Cytosol 2. Cytoskeleton 3. Cytoplasmic inclusions 4. Organelles
52
Cytosol
Fluid portion = dissolved molecule + colloid
53
Cytoskeleton
Supports cell - movements change shape; movement of cilia
54
Microtubules: hollow
Internal scaffold, transport in cell, cell division, cilia, and flagella
55
Intermediate filaments
Mechanical strength
56
Actin filaments
Structure, support for microvilli, contractility, movement
57
Cytoasmic inclusions:
Aggregates of chemicals
58
Organelles
A. Small specialized structures - specific structure/function B. Most have membranes - separates interior of organelles from cytoplasm
59
Nucleus
1. Membrane - bound 2. Nucleoplasm, nucleolus and near nuclear envelope 3. Much of DNA located here
60
Chromatin
DNA + proteins
61
Ribosomes
1. Site - protein synthesis 2. A large and small subunit 3. Types- free and attached
62
Endoplasmic reticulum
Rough ER and Smother ER
63
Cisternae
Interior spaces isolated from rest of cytoplasm
64
Golgi Apparatus
Modification package, distribution of proteins and lipids - secretion or use internal
65
Mitochondria
Major site - ATP synthesis
66
Centrosome
Specialized zone near nucleus and microtones made in
67
Cilia
Appendages projection from cell structures. Moves materials over cell surface
68
Flagella
- Similar to cilia but longer - usually only one per cell - move the cell itself
69
Microvilli
- Extension of plasma membrane | - increase cell surface area
70
Transcription
Occurs when a section of a DNA modules unwinds and its complementary strands separate.
71
Translation
is the synthesis of a protein at ribosome in response to the codons of mRNA.
72
Gene
Functional unit of heredity
73
Structural
Serve as template for mRNA, code for amino acid sequences.
74
Regulatory
Control which structural genes transcribed in given tissue
75
Interphase
Phase between cell division - Replication of DNA - ongoing normal cell activities
76
Cell life cycle
Interphase Mitosis cyrokinesis
77
Mitosis
Mother cell -> two daughter cells. Cells genetically identical
78
Cytokinesis
Division of cell cytoplasm

A&P (6 decks)

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