Ch. 3 Flashcards by Isabel valdez

two systems that work together to support the body and allow movement of the animal

musculoskeletal system

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the formation of bone from fibrous tissue, continues until maturity which varies with species

ossification

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the cells that produce bone

osteoblasts

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large, multinuclear cells of the bone that absorb bone and reshape and remodel damaged bones

osteoclasts

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mature bone cells (osteoblasts turn into…..when they mature)

osteocytes

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osteo/o

bone

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-blasts

immature

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-clasts

break

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red bone marrow , located in cancellous bone

hematopoietic

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hemat/o

blood

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-poietic

pertaining to formation

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the inner space of bone contains yellow bone marrow

medullary cavity

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connective tissue that is more elastic than bone

cartilage

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specific type of cartilage, covers the joint surfaces of bone

articular cartilage

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a curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints

meniscus

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connections between bones

joints or articulations

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chondro/o

cartilage

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allow no movements

synarthroses

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allow slight movement

amphiarthroses

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allow free movement

ex. synovial joints

diarthroses

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a jagged line where bones join and form a nonmovable joint

suture

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a soft spot remaining at the junction of sutures that usually closes after birth

fontanelle

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is a joint where two bones join and are held firmly together so that they function as one bone

symphysis

cartilaginous joint

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ball-and- socket joints (enarthrosis) 
spheroid joints
arthrodial or condyloid joints
trochoid or pivot joints
ginglymus or hinge joints
gliding joints

synovial joints

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allow a wide range of motion in many directions such as the hip and shoulder joints

ball-and-socket joints

joints with projections that fit into a socket such as the carpal joints (where the radius meets the carpus)

arthrodial or condyloid joints

one bone pivots on another in a rotary motion

trochoid joints (pivot joint)

allow motion in one plane or direction | ex. canine stifle and elbow joints

hinge joints

move or glide over each other, as in the radioulnar joint or the articulating process between successive vertebrae

gliding joints

located in the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. This joint allows primates to flex, extend, abduct, adduct, and circumduct the thumb

saddle joint (primates)

is a band of fibrous connective tissue that connects one bone to another bone to help stabilize joints

ligament

is a band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone to help the animal move

tendon

is a fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas of friction. within the shoulder joint is a bursa where a tendon passes over bone

bursa burs/o more than on bursae

bursae and synovial joints have an inner lining called..

synovial membrane which secretes synovial fluid that acts as a lubricant to make joint movement smooth

framework of the body that includes the skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bones, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

axial skeleton

framework that consists of the extremities, shoulder, and pelvic girdle

appendicular skeleton

append

to add or hang

is the portion of the skull

cranium

forms the roof of the cranial cavity or front

frontal

paired bones that form the roof of the caudal cranial cavity

parietal

forms the caudal aspect of the cranial cavity where the foramen magnum or opening for the spinal cord is located

occipital

paired bones that form the sides and base of the cranium

temporal

paired bones that form part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the bony eye socket

sphenoid

forms the rostral part of the cranial cavity

ethmoid

forms the rostral part of the hard palate and lower edge of nares

incisive

forms the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

pterygoid

air or fluid filled spaces in the skull

sinuses

forms the orbit and cheekbone | temporal and zygomatic bone form the zygomatic arch

zygomatic

forms the upper jaw

maxilla

forms the lower jaw

mandible

forms part of the hard palate

palatine

forms the medial part of the orbit

lacrimal

forms the bridge of the nose

nasal

forms the base of the nasal septum

vomer

the cartilaginous structure that divides the two nasal cavities

nasal septum

bone suspended between the mandible and the laryngopharynx

hyoid

brachycephalic

short, wide heads

dolichocephalic

narrow, long heads

mesocephalic

average width/ size heads

supports the head and body and protects the spinal cord

vertebral column | spinal column, backbone

the vertebral column consists of individual bones called..

vertebra | more than one vertebra- vertebrae

solid portion ventral to the spinal cord

body (of vertebra)

dorsal part of the vertebra that surrounds the spinal cord

arch (of vertebra)

is the left and right dorsal half of the arch

lamina (of vertebra)

is a single projection from the dorsal part of the vertebral arch

spinous process

project laterally from the right and left sides of the vertebral arch

transverse processes

are paired cranial and caudal projections located on the dorsum of the vertebral arch

articular processes

the opening in the middle of the vertebra that surrounds the spinal cord

vertebral foramen

the vertebrae are separated and cushioned from each other by cartilage discs

intervertebral discs

cervical vertebra one C1

atlas

cervical vertebra two C2

axis

paired bones that attach to thoracic vertebrae

ribs

Ch. 3 Flashcards

(72 cards)