CH 3 - Antigens and Antibodies

Question 1

A synonym for an antigenic determinant is:

Answer 1

Epitope

Question 2

Genetically different individuals of the same species are referred to as:

Answer 2

Allogenic

Question 3

Antigenic substances can be composed of:

Answer 3

• Large polysaccharides
• Proteins
• Glycoproteins

Question 4

Which of the following characteristics of an antigen is the least
important?

Answer 4

Presence of large repeating polymers

Question 5

The chemical composition of an antibody is:

Answer 5

Protein

Question 6

The IgM antibody class:

Answer 6

Has the highest molecular weight

Question 7

The IgG antibody calss:

Answer 7

Has the highest plasma or serum concentration in normal individuals

Question 8

The IgA antibody class:

Answer 8

Can exist as a dimer

Question 9

The IgE antibody class:

Answer 9

Has the shortest half-life

Question 10

The IgD antibody class:

Answer 10

Has no known subclasses

Question 11

The characteristic associated with IgG is:

Answer 11

Increase in infectious diseases, collagen disorders, and hematologic disorders

Question 12

The characteristic associated with IgM is:

Answer 12

Produced earliest in the immune response

Question 13

The characteristic associated with IgA is:

Answer 13

Predominant immunoglobulin in secretions

Question 14

The characteristic associated with IgD is:

Answer 14

Primarily a cell membrane immunoglobulin

Question 15

The characteristic associated with IgE is:

Answer 15

Mediates some types of hypersensitivity reactions

Question 16

A characteristic of an isotype is:

Answer 16

Dominant type found on immunoglobulins of all animals of a species

Question 17

A characteristic of an allotype is:

Answer 17

Found on the immunoglobulins of some, but not all, animals of a species

Question 18

A characteristic of an idiotype is:

Answer 18

Individual determinants characteristic of each antibody

Question 19

Arrange the sequence of events of a typical antibody response.

Answer 19

1) Lag phase

2) Log phase

3) Plateau

4) Decline

Question 20

Which of the following statements is false about an anamnestic response versus a primary response?

• Has a shorter lag phase
• Has a longer plateau
• Antibodies decline more gradually
• IgM antibodies predominate

Answer 20

IgM antibodies predominate

Question 21

Which type of antibody is capable of placental transfer?

Answer 21

IgG

Question 22

Specificity is defined as:

Answer 22

Ability of an antibody to combine with one antigen instead of another

Question 23

Affinity is defined as:

Answer 23

Strength of a bond between a single antigenic determinant and an individual combining site

Question 24

Avidity is defined as:

Answer 24

Strength with which a multivalent antibody binds to a multivalent antigen

Question 25

Immune complex is defined as:

Answer 25

Noncovalent combination of an antigen with its respective specific antibody

Question 26

Which of the following type(s) of bonding is (are) involved in antigen–antibody reactions?

Answer 26

- Hydrophobic - Hydrogen - Van der Waals

Question 27

Monovalent antibodies have also been referred to as:

Answer 27

Incomplete antibodies

Question 28

Which of the following is an accurate statement about monoclonal antibodies (MAbs)?

Answer 28

- MAbs are antibodies engineered to bind to a single epitope - MAbs are purified antibodies cloned from a single cell - MAbs are used to classify and identify specific cellular membrane characteristics

Question 29

Antigens are characterized as:

Answer 29

Can be glycolipids or glycoproteins

Question 30

The immunogenicity of an antigen depends greatly on:

Answer 30

Its degree of foreignness

Question 31

Antibodies are also referred to as:

Answer 31

Immunoglobulins

Question 32

An appropriate description of IgM is:

Answer 32

Accounts for 10% of the Ig pool, largely confined to the intravascular space

Question 33

An appropriate description of IgG is:

Answer 33

Diffuses more readily into extravascular spaces, neutralizes toxins, and binds to microorganisms

Question 34

An appropriate description of IgA is:

Answer 34

Found in tears, saliva, colostrum, milk, and intestinal secretions

Question 35

An appropriate description of IgE is:

Answer 35

Mediates some types of hypersensitivity

Question 36

An appropriate description of IgD is:

Answer 36

Makes up less than 1% of total immunoglobulins

Question 37

Label the components of the basic immunoglobulin (Ig) configuration in the following figure:

Answer 37

40: fab segment 41: Fc segment

Question 38

Which of the following characterizes IgM? - Composed of five basic subunits - Less efficient in the activation of the complement cascade and agglutination than IgG - Less response in an initial antibody response - Predominant in a secondary (anamnestic) response

Answer 38

Composed of five basic subunits

Question 39

Label the four phases of an antibody response on the following figure

Answer 39

43: Lag 44: Log 45: Plateau 46: Decline

Question 40

In a secondary (anamnestic) response, a characteristic feature is:

Answer 40

IgG is the predominant antibody type

Question 41

Bonding of antigen to antibody exists exclusively as:

Answer 41

Noncovalent bonding

Question 42

The strongest bond of antigen and antibody chiefly results from the:

Answer 42

Goodness of fit

Question 43

Monoclonal antibodies have the characteristic of:

Answer 43

Cloned from a single cell