Ch. 3 - Human Growth and Development Flashcards
What is Freud’s structural model of the psyche?
Id: aggression, subconscious, body;
Ego: logical, rational, reason
Superego: moralistic, idealistic
Robert Perry
Dualistic thinking; cognitive development of adults
Robert Kegan
- Interpersonal development; adult cognitive development
- Constructive model of development
- Individual construct reality through life-span
Jean Piaget - stages
- Sensorimotor (0-2)
- Preoperations (2-7)
- Concrete operations (7-11)
- Formal operations (12+)
- observed his own children
- worked with Alfred Binet
Properties of Matter - Conservation of Mass
A substance’s weight, mass, and volume remain the same even if shape changes
Vygotsky
- disagreed with Piaget’s notion that developmental stages take place naturally
- believed stages unfold due to educational intervention
Kohlberg
- Moral development leading theorist
- used stories to determine level of moreal development in children
- expanded on Piaget’s conceptualization of moral development
Egocentrism
(Piaget) - when child cannot view world from point of someone else
Kolhber’gs Moral Development Stages/Levels
3 levels
Preconvential, conventional, postconventional
6 stages
obedience and punishment, instrumental purpose, good boy nice girl, law and order, social contract, universal ethical principle
Who used term ‘identity crisis?’
Erikson
RS =
Religious and Spiritual
Founder of individual psychology
Adler
Erikson’s 8 stages of ego identity formation
- Trust vs Mistrust (0-18mos)
- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (18mos to 3yrs)
- Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5)
- Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11)
- Identity vs. Confusion (12-18)
- Intimacy vs. Isolation (18-40)
- Generativity vs. Stagnation (40-65)
- Integrity vs. Despair (65-death)
Harry Stack Sullivan Stages
Infancy
Childhood
Juvenile
Preadolescence
Early Adolescence
Late Adolescence
Sullivan - Psychiatry of Interpersonal Relationships Theory
Interpersonal issues > biological issues
Zone of Proximal Development
(Zygotsky) Difference btween child’s performance w/o teacher vs w/ teacher
DBT Created by
Marsha Linehan. Focused on Suicide/self-harm and AODA.
John Bolby
- Bonding and Attachment
- Adaptive significance, survival value
- Child must bond w/ adult before age 3; if severed, object loss
- Mothers should be primary caretakers
- Object loss = protest to despair to detachment
Margaret Mahler
Separation-individual theory of child development.
- Symbiosis - child/mom
Harry Harlow
Maternal depreivation/isolation in rheus monkeys
- monkeys preferred the cloth over wire even when wire fed them
Gesell
- 1-way mirror for observing children
- maturationist
development primarily determined by genetics