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NCE > Ch. 8 - Assessment and Testing > Flashcards

Ch. 8 - Assessment and Testing Flashcards

1
Q

Appraisal:

A
  • Process of assessing or estimating attributes
  • Broad term-could use various methods
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2
Q

Difficulty index

A
  • indicates % of individuals who answered each question correctly
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3
Q

Forced choice

A
  • AKA recognition items
  • can control for desirability phenomenon
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4
Q

Normative test

A
  • Participant can legitimately be compared to others who have taken the test
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5
Q

Ipsative test

A
  • Can’t legit compare to others who have taken the test
  • does not reveal absolute strengths
  • within-person analysis
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6
Q

Power test

A
  • time is not an issue
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7
Q

Achievement test

A
  • measures maximum performance or present level of skill
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8
Q

Personality test/interest inventory

A
  • measures typical performance
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9
Q

Cyclical test

A
  • several sections which are spiral in nature
  • gets more difficult with each section
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10
Q

Test battery

A
  • horizontal test
  • several measures are used to produce results that could be more accurate than from a single source
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11
Q

Vertical test

A
  • versions for various age brackets or levels of education
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12
Q

Horizontal test

A
  • measures various factors during same testing procedure
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13
Q

Validity

A
  • more important than reliability
  • # 1 factor in construction of a test
  • a test must measure what it says it will measure
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14
Q

Reliability

A
  • need to give repeated readings which are nearly identical for the same person every single time or across participants (inter-rater reliability)
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15
Q

5 types of validity

A

1 - construct validity: test’s ability to measure a theoretical construct like intelligence, self-esteem, etc.
2 - concurrent valididty: how well the test compares to other tests measuring the same thing
3 - content valididty: does the test examine or sample under scrutiny? How well it covers all relevant parts of the construct it aims to measure
4 - predictive validity: empirical validity - reflects the test’s ability to predict future behavior according to established criteria
5 - consequential valididty - tries to ascertain the social implications of using the test

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16
Q

A test can be _ but not _

A

reliable; valid

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17
Q

Reliability measurement

A

i.e., .70 reliability = 70% of score is accurate and 30% inaccurate

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18
Q

True variance =

A
  • correlation squared
  • reliability coefficient AKA coefficient of determination
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19
Q

Francis Galton

A
  • felt intelligence was a unitary faculty
  • concluded intelligence was normally distributed
20
Q

Guilford

A
  • isolated 120 factors which added up to intelligence
  • known for thoughts on convergent and divergent thinking
21
Q

Kuder-Richardson

A
  • coefficents of equivalence
  • measure internal consistency reliability
  • KR-20 or KR-21 formulas
22
Q

Cross validation coefficent

A
  • is smaller than initial validity coefficent
  • known as shrinkage
  • helps guard against error factors, which are likely present with small sample sizes
23
Q

1st intelligence test created by

A
  • Alfred Binet & Theodore Simon
  • is now a standardized measure
24
Q

Convergent thinking

A
  • when divergent thoughts/ideas are combined into a singular concept
25
Q

Divergent thinking

A
  • the ability to generate a novel idea
26
Q

Formula for Ratio IQ

A

MA/CA x 100
- test was created to discriminate children w/o an intellectual disability from children w/ an intellectual disability
- formula has been replaced by standard age score

27
Q

Entropy =

A
  • dysfunctional families are either too open or too closed
  • a healthy family is in a state of negative entropy
28
Q

IQ tests (SAS)

A

WPPSI - children 2.5-7
WAIS-IV - 16-90
WISC-IV - 6-16

29
Q

WAIS-IV

A
  • 16-90
  • Cattell-Horn-Carroll neurocognitive research
  • online exam 60-90 minutes
  • object assembly and picture arrangement dropped
  • 10 subjects, 4 index scores
  • 100 is mean with SD of 15
30
Q

Arthur Jensen

A
  • known for 1969 article about black vs white IQ controversy
31
Q

John Ertl

A
  • claimed he invented an electronic machine to analyze neural efficiency and take place of paper/pencil IQ test
32
Q

Raymond Cattell

A
  • responsible for the fluid and crystallized intelligence
  • known for 16 personality factor questionnaire
33
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A
  • measured by tests that focus on content
34
Q

Fluid intelligence

A
  • tested by what has been called “content-free reasoning” such as a block design or a pictorial analogy problem
35
Q

Robert Williams

A
  • created the Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity (BITCH)
36
Q

Factor-analytic tests

A
  • Analyze data outside a given theory
  • knwon as inventory, not theory-based tests
37
Q

Myers-Briggs based on

A

Jung

38
Q

Aptitude =
Achievement =

A

Potential
What has been learned

39
Q

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT

A
  • 31 cards with ambiguous pictures
  • make up a story for each
    The Rorschach is similar with 10 inkblot cards
40
Q

Bender Gestalt Test

A
  • expressive projective measure
  • determines if brain damage is evident
  • copy 16 geometric figures
41
Q

Interest inventories

A
  • best for high schoolers
  • reliable, not threatening to test-taker
42
Q

AARC =

A
  • association for assessment and research in counseling
43
Q

Increasing a test’s length…

A
  • increases reliability
  • shortening the length, decreases reliability
44
Q

Word association test

A
  • is a projective test
45
Q

Item difficulty

A

0 - 1.0
The higher the item difficulty is set at, the easier the questions are to answer (.75 will be easier than .25 item difficulty)

NCE (9 decks)

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