Ch. 8 - Assessment and Testing

Question 1

Appraisal:

Answer 1

• Process of assessing or estimating attributes
• Broad term-could use various methods

Question 2

Difficulty index

Answer 2

• indicates % of individuals who answered each question correctly

Question 3

Forced choice

Answer 3

• AKA recognition items
• can control for desirability phenomenon

Question 4

Normative test

Answer 4

• Participant can legitimately be compared to others who have taken the test

Question 5

Ipsative test

Answer 5

• Can’t legit compare to others who have taken the test
• does not reveal absolute strengths
• within-person analysis

Question 6

Power test

Answer 6

• time is not an issue

Question 7

Achievement test

Answer 7

• measures maximum performance or present level of skill

Question 8

Personality test/interest inventory

Answer 8

• measures typical performance

Question 9

Cyclical test

Answer 9

• several sections which are spiral in nature
• gets more difficult with each section

Question 10

Test battery

Answer 10

• horizontal test
• several measures are used to produce results that could be more accurate than from a single source

Question 11

Vertical test

Answer 11

• versions for various age brackets or levels of education

Question 12

Horizontal test

Answer 12

• measures various factors during same testing procedure

Question 13

Validity

Answer 13

• more important than reliability
• # 1 factor in construction of a test
• a test must measure what it says it will measure

Question 14

Reliability

Answer 14

• need to give repeated readings which are nearly identical for the same person every single time or across participants (inter-rater reliability)

Question 15

5 types of validity

Answer 15

1 - construct validity: test’s ability to measure a theoretical construct like intelligence, self-esteem, etc.
2 - concurrent valididty: how well the test compares to other tests measuring the same thing
3 - content valididty: does the test examine or sample under scrutiny? How well it covers all relevant parts of the construct it aims to measure
4 - predictive validity: empirical validity - reflects the test’s ability to predict future behavior according to established criteria
5 - consequential valididty - tries to ascertain the social implications of using the test

Question 16

A test can be _ but not _

Answer 16

reliable; valid

Question 17

Reliability measurement

Answer 17

i.e., .70 reliability = 70% of score is accurate and 30% inaccurate

Question 18

True variance =

Answer 18

• correlation squared
• reliability coefficient AKA coefficient of determination

Question 19

Francis Galton

Answer 19

• felt intelligence was a unitary faculty
• concluded intelligence was normally distributed

Question 20

Guilford

Answer 20

• isolated 120 factors which added up to intelligence
• known for thoughts on convergent and divergent thinking

Question 21

Kuder-Richardson

Answer 21

• coefficents of equivalence
• measure internal consistency reliability
• KR-20 or KR-21 formulas

Question 22

Cross validation coefficent

Answer 22

• is smaller than initial validity coefficent
• known as shrinkage
• helps guard against error factors, which are likely present with small sample sizes

Question 23

1st intelligence test created by

Answer 23

• Alfred Binet & Theodore Simon
• is now a standardized measure

Question 24

Convergent thinking

Answer 24

• when divergent thoughts/ideas are combined into a singular concept

Question 25

Divergent thinking

Answer 25

- the ability to generate a novel idea

Question 26

Formula for Ratio IQ

Answer 26

MA/CA x 100 - test was created to discriminate children w/o an intellectual disability from children w/ an intellectual disability - formula has been replaced by standard age score

Question 27

Entropy =

Answer 27

- dysfunctional families are either too open or too closed - a healthy family is in a state of negative entropy

Question 28

IQ tests (SAS)

Answer 28

WPPSI - children 2.5-7 WAIS-IV - 16-90 WISC-IV - 6-16

Question 29

WAIS-IV

Answer 29

- 16-90 - Cattell-Horn-Carroll neurocognitive research - online exam 60-90 minutes - object assembly and picture arrangement dropped - 10 subjects, 4 index scores - 100 is mean with SD of 15

Question 30

Arthur Jensen

Answer 30

- known for 1969 article about black vs white IQ controversy

Question 31

John Ertl

Answer 31

- claimed he invented an electronic machine to analyze neural efficiency and take place of paper/pencil IQ test

Question 32

Raymond Cattell

Answer 32

- responsible for the fluid and crystallized intelligence - known for 16 personality factor questionnaire

Question 33

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 33

- measured by tests that focus on content

Question 34

Fluid intelligence

Answer 34

- tested by what has been called "content-free reasoning" such as a block design or a pictorial analogy problem

Question 35

Robert Williams

Answer 35

- created the Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity (BITCH)

Question 36

Factor-analytic tests

Answer 36

- Analyze data outside a given theory - knwon as inventory, not theory-based tests

Question 37

Myers-Briggs based on

Answer 37

Jung

Question 38

Aptitude = Achievement =

Answer 38

Potential What has been learned

Question 39

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT

Answer 39

- 31 cards with ambiguous pictures - make up a story for each The Rorschach is similar with 10 inkblot cards

Question 40

Bender Gestalt Test

Answer 40

- expressive projective measure - determines if brain damage is evident - copy 16 geometric figures

Question 41

Interest inventories

Answer 41

- best for high schoolers - reliable, not threatening to test-taker

Question 42

AARC =

Answer 42

- association for assessment and research in counseling

Question 43

Increasing a test's length...

Answer 43

- increases reliability - shortening the length, decreases reliability

Question 44

Word association test

Answer 44

- is a projective test

Question 45

Item difficulty

Answer 45

0 - 1.0 The higher the item difficulty is set at, the easier the questions are to answer (.75 will be easier than .25 item difficulty)