Ch. 5 - Counseling & Helping Relations Flashcards
Who worked with Freud?
Adler and Jung
Adler - created individual psychology
Jung - created analytic psychology
What is Freud’s topographic notion?
- Mind has depth like an iceburg
- unconscious, preconscious, conscious
Transactional analysis
The communicator is taught to alter the ego state as a way to solve emotional problems. The method deviates from Freudian psychoanalysis, which focuses on increasing awareness of the contents of subconsciously held ideas.
Freud eros and thanatos
Eros - Greek god of love
Thanatos - death
The analytic movement included…
Freud, Adler, Jung
What do the Id, Ego, and Superego encompass
Id - pleasure principle
Ego - reality principle - attempts to balance id and superego
Superego - ego ideal
Joseph Wolpe
- developed a paradigm known as systematic desensitization
- a behavior therapy based on Pavlov’s classical conditioning
What all derives fro classical conditioning
- Assertiveness training, flooding, implosive therapy, and sensate focus all derive from classical conditioning.
Freud and dreams
- manifest content = surface meaning
- latent content = hidden meaning
Anna O case
- 1st psychoanalytic patient
Little Hans case
- Fear of the street; Oedipus complex
Little Albert case
- John Watson
- American Behaviorism
- Made hcild fearful of furry things
Most important concept in Freud’s theory is…
The unconscious mind
What is the topographical theory?
Unconscious, preconscious, conscious
- Freud
Sour grapes rationalization
Underrates
i.e., ‘I didn’t really want it anyway’
Sweet lemon rationalization
Overrates
i.e., How wonderful a distasteful set of circumstances really is.
Reaction formatiob =
Acting oppositve of the way one actually feels
Compensation =
Attempt to develop/overdevelop a positive trait to make up for a limitation
Identification =
Identifying with a cause or successful person
Interpretation =
To make clients aware of their unconscious processes
Organ Inferiority =
(Adler’s indivudal psychology)
- Ways we attempt to compensate
What is Adler’s major psychological goal?
- To escape deep seated feelings of inferiority
Logos =
Eros =
- Logic
- Intuition
What did Jung use in his work and what did it represent?
Mandalas - balanced around a center point to analyze
- Magic protective circles that represents self-unification
What is eidetic imagery?
- the ability to remember the most minute details of a scene for an extended period of time
- think photographic memory
Sibling interaction is…
More impactful than parent-child interaction
(Adler)
What do neo-Freudians emphasize?
Social factors
Who used the terms interversion/extroversion
Jung
- Myers briggs is associated with Jung
Rudolph Dreikurs was…
- 1st to discuss use of group therapy in private practice
- student of Adler
Animus/Anima
Animus - masculine side
Anima - feminine side
Things Jung focused on about family
- birth order
- lifestyle
- family constellation
Collective unconscious
- Jung
- Is made up of archetypes
Archetypes
- Jung
- Primal universal symbol
Common archetypes
- the personas = the mask/role we present to others to hide true self
- animus/anima = self
- shadow = mask behind persona, which contains id-like material; denied, yet desired
What is symptom substitution?
- Psychoanalytic term
- If you deal with the symptom, another symptom will manifest itself, since the unconscious mind is the problem
- Behaviorists do not believe in the concept of symptom substitution and do work on symptom reduction
Adlerians believe behavior…
- Must be studied in a social context, never in isolation
Existentialism…
Logotherapy
Associationism
Behaviorism
- John Locke, David Hume, James Mill, David Hartley
BF Skinner’s reinforcement theory
- elaborated on Edward Thorndike’s law of effect
law of effect
- Thorndike
- Responses accompanied by satisfaction will be repeated and responses accompanied by dissatisfaction will not be repeated
- trial and error learning
Pavlov is known for…
Classical conditioning
Skinner is known for…
Operant conditioning = instrumental learning
What is an acquisition period?
The time it takes to learn or acquire a given behavior
Respondent behavior refers to…
Reflexes
Negative reinforcement…
- not punishment
- requires withdrawal of an aversive (negative) stimulus to increase the likelihood that a behavior will occur (i.e., taking a pain pill)
- increases behavior
Punishment
- decreases behavior
The most effective time interval (temporal relation between the CS and US is
1/2 second
When CS is delayed =
When CS is terminated before US =
- delayed conditioning
- trace conditioning
If US comes before CS…
No conditioining occurs - AKA backward conditioning
IS US/CS happen together…
Simultaneous conditioning - conditioning will not occur
Stimulus generalization
- Pavlov termed “irradiation”
- 2nd order conditioning - when a stimulus similar to the CS produces the same reaction
- more things produce responses
Which is stronger - CS or US?
US
Stimulus discrimination =
Makes the condition happen to only 1 thing