Ch. 3 - Molecules, Compounds, and Chemical Equations

Question 0

Ionic Bonds

Answer 0

• occur between metals and Nonmetals

- involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another

Question 1

Chemical Bonds

Answer 1

• the result of interactions between the charged particles (electrons and protons) that compose atoms

Question 2

Covalent Bonds

Answer 2

• occur between two or more Nonmetals

- involve the sharing of electrons between two atoms

Question 3

Chemical Formula

Answer 3

• indicates the elements present in the compound and the relative number of atoms or ions of each

Question 4

Empirical Formula

Answer 4

• gives the relative number of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 5

Molecular Formula

Answer 5

• gives the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of a compound

Question 6

Structural Formula

Answer 6

• uses lines to represent covalent bonds
• shows how atoms in a molecule are connected or bonded to each other
• can also be written to give a sense of the molecule’s geometry

Question 7

Ball-and-Stick Models

Answer 7

• represent atoms as balls and chemical bonds as sticks

- the balls are typically color-coded to specific elements

Question 8

Space-Filling Molecular Models

Answer 8

• atoms fill the space between each other to more closely represent our best estimates for how a molecule might appear if scaled to a visible size

Question 9

Atomic Elements

Answer 9

• those that exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units
• most elements fall into this category

Question 10

Molecular Elements

Answer 10

• do not normally exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units
• instead, these elements exist as molecules; two or more atoms of the element bonded together

Question 11

Molecular Compounds

Answer 11

• are usually composed of two or more covalently bonded Nonmetals

Question 12

Ionic Compounds

Answer 12

• are composed of cations and anions bound together by ionic bonds

Question 13

Formula Unit

Answer 13

• the smallest, electrically neutral collection of ions

- only exist as part of a larger lattice

Question 14

Polyatomic Ion

Answer 14

• an ion composed of two or more atoms

Question 15

Ionic Compound Formulas

Answer 15

• ionic compounds always contain positive and negative ions
• in a chemical formula, the sum of the charges of the positive ions (cations) must equal the sum of the charges of the negative ions (anions)
• a formula reflects the smallest whole-number ratio of ions

Question 16

Binary Compounds

Answer 16

• those containing only two different elements

Question 17

Binary Ionic Compounds Containing a Metal That Forms Only One Type of Cation

Answer 17

• name of cation (metal) + base name of anion (nonmetal) -ide

Question 18

Binary Ionic Compounds Containing a Metal That Forms More Than One Kind of Cation

Answer 18

• name of cation (metal) [charge of cation (metal) in Roman numerals in parenthesis] + base name of anion (nonmetal) -ide

Question 19

Acids

Answer 19

• are molecular compounds that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

Question 20

Formula Mass

Answer 20

• AKA: Molecular Mass or Molecular Weight

= (number of atoms of 1st element in chemical formula X atomic mass of 1st element) + (number of atoms in 2nd element X Atomic mass of 2nd element) + … = #amu

Question 21

Mass Percent Composition

Answer 21

= (mass of element x in 1 mol of compound) ➗ (mass of 1 mol of the compound) ✖100%

Question 22

Empirical Formula Molar Mass

Answer 22

• the sum of all the masses of all the atoms in the empirical formula

Question 23

Molar Mass

Answer 23

= empirical formula molar mass ✖n

n = molar mass ➗ empirical formula molar mass

Question 24

Chemical Reaction

Answer 24

- a process in which one or more substances are converted into one or more different ones - compounds are formed and changed

Question 25

Combustion Reaction

Answer 25

- a chemical reaction in which a substance combines with Oxygen to form one or more oxygen-containing compounds - emit heat that's critical to supplying our society's energy needs

Question 26

Chemical Equation

Answer 26

- a chemical reaction is represented by this

Question 27

Reactants

Answer 27

- the substances on the left side of the equation

Question 28

Products

Answer 28

- the substances on the right side of the equation

Question 29

Balancing the Equation

Answer 29

- change the coefficients, not the subscripts, to ensure that the number of each type of atom on the left side of the equation is equal to the number on the right side

Question 30

Organic Compounds

Answer 30

- are composed of carbon and hydrogen and a few other elements, including nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur - the key element is carbon

Question 31

Hydrocarbons

Answer 31

- are organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen

Question 32

Alkanes

Answer 32

- hydrocarbons containing only single bonds

Question 33

Alkenes

Answer 33

- hydrocarbons that contain double or triple bonds | - AKA Alkynes

Question 34

Alcohols

Answer 34

- are organic compounds that have an -OH functional group

Question 35

Family

Answer 35

- a group of organic compounds with the same functional group