Ch. 5 - Gases Flashcards
(22 cards)
0
Q
Millimeter of Mercury (mmHg)
A
- a common unit of pressure
- originates from how pressure is measured with a barometer
- often call a torr
1
Q
Pressure
A
- the force exerted per unit area by gas molecules as they strike the surfaced around them
= force ➗ area
2
Q
Barometer
A
- an evacuated glass tube, the tip of which is submerged in a pool of mercury
- liquid in an evacuated tube is forced upward by atmospheric gas pressure on the liquid’s surface
3
Q
Atmosphere (atm)
A
- a second unit of pressure
- the average pressure at sea level
- 1 atm = 760 mmHg
4
Q
Pascal (Pa)
A
- the SI unit of pressure
- defined as 1 newton (N) per square meter
- 1 atm = 101,325 Pa
5
Q
Inches of Mercury (in Hg)
A
- 1 atm = 29.92 in Hg
6
Q
Pounds Per Square Inch (psi)
A
- 1 atm = 14.7 psi
7
Q
Boyle’s Law
A
- as pressure increases, volume decreases
8
Q
Charle’s Law
A
- as temperature increases, volume increases
9
Q
Avogadro’s Law
A
- as amount of gas increases, volume increases
10
Q
The Ideal Gas Law
A
PV = nRT
11
Q
Molar Volume
A
- the volume occupied by one mole of a substance
12
Q
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)
A
- this often specifies the molar volume of gases under conditions
13
Q
Density
A
= molar mass ➗ molar volume
14
Q
Hypoxia
A
- oxygen starvation
- mild causes dizziness, headache, and shortness of breath
- severe may result on unconsciousness or even death
15
Q
Oxygen Toxicity
A
- the increased oxygen concentration in body tissues
- results in muscle twitching, tunnel vision, and convulsions
16
Q
Nitrogen Narcosis
A
- when the pressure of nitrogen increases beyond 4 atm
- divers describe it as feeling inebriated or drunk
- AKA Rapture of the Deep
17
Q
Kinetic Molecular Theory
A
- the size of a particle is negligibly small
- the average kinetic energy of a particle is proportional to the temperature in kelvins
- the collision of one particle with another (or with the walls of its container) is completely elastic
18
Q
Dalton’s Law
A
- the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of its components
19
Q
Mean Free Path
A
- the average distance that a molecule travels between collisions
20
Q
Diffusion
A
- the process by which gas molecules spread out in response to a concentration gradient
21
Q
Effusion
A
- the process by which a gas escapes from a container into a vacuum through a small hole
