Ch 3: Tissues

Question 1

What are the types of tissues?

Answer 1

1) Epithelial tissue
2) Connective tissue
3) Muscle tissue
4) Nervous tissue

Question 2

What is a tissue?

Answer 2

2 or more different cell types working together

Question 3

What is epithelial tissue and what is its purpose?

Answer 3

Covering and lining as well as glandular tissue

-Protection and barrier between external+internal

Question 4

What are the general features of epithelia?

Answer 4

• Closely packed cells make up continuous sheets
• Connected to a basement membrane
• Avascular with nerve endings ending at basement membrane
• High mitotic rate

Question 5

What is the basal lamina and the reticular lamina?

Answer 5

Make up the basement membrane between epithelium and connective tissue Basal lamina made by epithelium Reticular lamina made by connective tissue

Question 6

How are epithelia classified?

Answer 6

Arrangement of layers

• Simple (1 layer)
• Stratified (> 1 layer)
• Pseudostratified (looks like > 1 layer but not)

Shape of APICAL cells

• squamous
• cuboidal
• columnar
• transitional (changes shape for stretching)

Question 7

What are the characteristics of Simple Squamous Epithelium?

Answer 7

• Very thin
• Good for gas exchange
• Found in alveoli of lungs (O2/CO2 gas exchange) and in Bowmans capsule of Kidney (blood filtration)

Question 8

What are the characteristics of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?

Answer 8

• Absorption/Secretion
• Larger size allows for more cellular machinery for functionality
• Found in pancreas and kidney (tubules)

Question 9

What are the characteristics of Simple Columnar Epithelium?

Answer 9

• Absorption+Secretion
• Goblet cells commonly found interspersed between
• The goblet cells help move things along smoothly
• Found in large intestine+anal canal

Question 10

What are the characteristics of Pseudostratified Epithelium?

Answer 10

• Found in trachea
• Goblet cells commonly found with these
• Have cilia that beat and keep mucus moving

Question 11

What are the characteristics of Stratified Squamous Epithelium?

Answer 11

Many layers for protection from abrasion

• Found in skin, mouth, esophagus, rectum
• Only skin will be keratinized

Question 12

What are the characteristics of Stratified Columnar and Cuboidal Epithelium?

Answer 12

Usually found in large ducts of glands like the pancreas

Question 13

What are Goblet cells?

Answer 13

No nucleus

• Make mucin which when in contact with water makes mucus
• Helps things move along smoothly

Question 14

What are the characteristics of Transitional Epithelium?

Answer 14

Staggered and not lined up straight

-Nice, round, scalloped

Question 15

The secretory portion of glands is formed by the epithelia. What kinds of glands are there in the body?

Answer 15

Endocrine Glands

• Secrete hormones into the blood
• Aren’t released to a surface epithelia

Exocrine Glands

-Released to surface of epithelia like sweat

Question 16

What are the two structural classification of Exocrine glands?

Answer 16

Unicellular Glands

-eg. in the epithelia goblet cells

Multicellular Glands

-below the surface of the epithelia like sebaceous gland

Question 17

What are the two functional classifications of glands?

Answer 17

Merocrine secretion

-substance stored in vessicles and released into duct

Holocrine secretion

• whole cell with substance inside gets secreted into duct
• eg sebaceous glands work this way

Question 18

What are the three basic elements of connective tissues?

Answer 18

Cells

Amorphous ground substance

Fibers

Question 19

What are the types of fibers found in connective tissues and their basic functions?

Answer 19

Collagen

-Flexible and STRONG. Good at pulling not perp. move.

Elastin

-Elasticity=stretch and recoil

Reticular Fibers

-For framework and structure

Question 20

What is the matrix composed of?

Answer 20

Ground Substances + Fibers + Specific chemicals

Question 21

What are the 5 categories of Connective Tissues?

Answer 21

1. Loose Connective Tissues
2. Dense Connective Tissues
3. Cartilage
4. Bone
5. Blood

Question 22

What are the types of Loose Connective Tissues?

Answer 22

Areolar Adipose Reticular

Question 23

What are the types of Dense Connective Tissues?

Answer 23

Dense Regular Dense Irregular Elastic

Question 24

What are the types of Cartilage?

Answer 24

Hyaline Fibrocartilage Elastic

Question 25

What kind of tissue is Areolar Connective Tissue and what are its characteristics?

Answer 25

Loose Connective Tissue - Lots of open space between tissue - Fiber strands mostly aligned in one direction - Fibroblasts dotting the tissue - Open space allow macrophages in

Question 26

What kind of tissue is Adipose Tissue and what are its characteristics?

Answer 26

Loose Connective Tissue - Open, scale like - Acts like packing material for cushioning

Question 27

What kind of tissue is Reticular Connective Tissue and what are its characteristics?

Answer 27

Loose Connective Tissue - Tiny, stains purple in slides - For structure/framework of stroma

Question 28

What kind of tissue is Dense Regular Connective Tissue and what are its characteristics?

Answer 28

Dense Connective Tissue - Regularly organized fibers all in one direction - Tightly packed and close together - Resists stretch in longitudinal direction but not in perpendicular direction Found in - ligaments = bone to bone - tendons = muscle to bone

Question 29

What kind of tissue is Dense Irregular Connective Tissue and what are its characteristics?

Answer 29

Dense Connective Tissue - Closely packed but not organized in a single direction - Resists being pulled apart in ALL directions Found in places where you don't want any stretch to occur

Question 30

What kind of tissue is Elastic Connective Tissue and what are its characteristics?

Answer 30

Dense Connective Tissue -Closely pack in a single direction but the elastin fibers stain dark purple and stand out Found in places where you need stretch/recoil to occur -like the aorta or heart

Question 31

What kind of tissue is Hyaline Cartilage and what are its characteristics?

Answer 31

Cartilage - Stains purple - Contains alot of water so good at resisting compression Found in between bones, trachea, nose, joints

Question 32

What kind of tissue is Fibrocartilage and what are its characteristics?

Answer 32

Cartilage -Collagen + Cartilage -Special blue stain Found i places where you need to resist pulling AND compression -eg. vertebral column

Question 33

What kind of tissue is Elastic Cartilage and what are its characteristics?

Answer 33

Cartilage -Stretch and Recoil -Continues to grow throughout life -Ears and epiglottis

Question 34

What kind of cell make the fibers in connective tissue?

Answer 34

Fibroblast

Question 35

What kind of cell makes cartilage?

Answer 35

Chondrocyte

Question 36

What is a membrane and what are the types?

Answer 36

Membrane is composed of epithelium and connective tissue Types 1. Mucous Membrane (mucosa) 2. Serous Membrane (serosa) 3. Cutaneous Membrane (skin) 4. Synovial Membrane (not really a membrane)

Question 37

What are the characteristics of Mucous Membrane (mucosa)?

Answer 37

Lining of any internal tract with opening to outside world -eg. digestive tract or respiratory tract

Question 38

What are the characteristics of Serous Membrane (serosa)?

Answer 38

Lines body cavity that doesn't open to outside world -Lines cavity and organs, eg abdominal cavity -Parietal layer lines wall of cavity -Visceral layer lines surface of organs

Question 39

What are the characteristics of Cutaneous Membrane (skin)?

Answer 39

Three layers -Epidermis = no vasculature -Dermis = vasculature, nerve receptors, -Hypodermis (not truly part of skin) = adipose tissue for cushioining

Question 40

What are the characteristics of Synovial Membrane (not really a membrane)?

Answer 40

Encapsulates any freely moveable joint -filled with synovial fluid which is made by synoviocytes -doesn't have epithelium so not true membrane

Question 41

What is Endothelium?

Answer 41

Epithelium inside blood vessels

Question 42

What is Mesothelium?

Answer 42

Epithelium inside serosa

Question 43

Name the general features of epithelia.

Answer 43

Question 44

Name the kind of epithelial tissue pictured

Answer 44

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 45

Name the kind of epithelial tissue pictured

Answer 45

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 46

Name the kind of epithelial tissue pictured

Answer 46

Simple Columnar epithelium

Question 47

Name the kind of epithelial tissue pictured

Answer 47

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 48

Name the kind of epithelial tissue pictured

Answer 48

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 49

Name the kind of epithelial tissue pictured

Answer 49

stratified cuboidal and columnar epithelium

Question 50

Name the kind of epithelial tissue pictured

Answer 50

Transitional epithelium

Question 51

Name the kind of glands are pictured

Answer 51

Sebaceous gland and goblet cell

Question 52

Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

Answer 52

loose areolar connective tissue

Question 53

Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

Answer 53

loose adipose tissue

Question 54

Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

Answer 54

Loose reticular connective tissue

Question 55

Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

Answer 55

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 56

Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

Answer 56

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 57

Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

Answer 57

dense elastic connective tissue

Question 58

Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

Answer 58

Hyaline cartilage

Question 59

Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

Answer 59

Fibrocartilage

Question 60

Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

Answer 60

Elastic cartilage