Final Lab Practical

Question 1

Identify structures in picture

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

What are these structures in the cerebellum?

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Where is the

Sulcus

Gyrus

Corpus Callosum

Lateral, third, fourth ventricles

Cerebellum

Arbor Vitae

Pons

Medulla Oblongata

Optic Chiasm

Pineal Gland

Superior and inferior colliculi

Answer 8

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

What is the histology of the retina?

Answer 15

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

What does it mean to be 20/450?

Answer 17

From 20 ft you can see what an average person can see at 450 ft

Question 18

What does 20/15 mean?

Answer 18

From 20 ft you can see what the average person can see at 15 ft

Question 19

What is astigmatism?

Answer 19

Imperfection on the curvature of the cornea

Question 20

What is the convergence reflex?

Answer 20

Use of eye muscles to make sure both eyes position in a manner that ensures images fall on corresponding points

Question 21

What is nerve deafness?

Answer 21

Caused by damage to the cochlea or vestibular-cochlear nerve

-not curable, need cochlear implants

Question 22

What is conduction deafness?

Answer 22

Caused by damage to the typmanic membrane or ear ossicles

Question 23

What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland?

• Name
• Target cells
• Principal Effects
• Control of Secretion

Answer 23

NAME: Thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH

TARGET CELL(S): follicle cells of the thyroid gland

PRINCIPAL EFFECT(S): increased thyroxine (T3 and T4) secretion from the thyroid gland = BMRincreases

CONTROL OF SECRETION: decreased BMR stimulates TSH-RF from hypothalamus; increased basal metabolic rate turns off TSH-RF secretion

Question 24

What hormones are released by the thyroid gland follicles?

• Name
• Target cells
• Principal Effects
• Control of Secretion

Answer 24

Name: thyroxine, tetraiodothyronine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3)

Target Cells: all cells of the body

Principal Effects: increased carb/fat catabolism, increased protein anabolism = increased basal metabolic rate of body

Control of Secretion: Decreased BMR = hypothalamic TSH-RF secretion = secretion of TSH from anterior pituitary gland = stimulates thyroid follicle cells to release thyroxine

Question 25

What hormones are released by the beta (B) cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas? - Name - Target cells - Principal Effects - Control of Secretion

Answer 25

**Name**: insulin **Target Cells**: all cells of the body (particularly muscle) **Principal Effects**: increased cellular uptake of glucose from blood **Control of Secretion**: hyperglycemia = stimulates beta cells to secrete insulin glucose level falls = secretion of insulin turned off

Question 26

What hormones are released by the follicle cells of the ovaries? - Name - Target cells - Principal Effects - Control of Secretion

Answer 26

**Name:** estrogen **Target Cells:** endometrium of uterus **Principal Effects**: increased mitosis in cells of endometrium **Control of Secretion:** low blood estrogen = Gonadotropin-RF from the hypothalamus = stimulates anterior pituitary gland to release FSH = stimulates ovarian follicle cells to produce estrogen

Question 27

Go through the HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-THYROID AXIS

Answer 27

Question 28

Go through the HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-GONADAL AXIS ## Footnote (female – follicle stimulating hormone)

Answer 28

Question 29

Go through the ANTAGONISTIC CONTROL OF BLOOD GLUCOSE.

Answer 29

Question 30

Answer 30