Ch. 33 Flashcards
(47 cards)
An air embolism associated with diving occurs when:
-The alveoli completely collapse due to high pressure
-High water pressure forces air into the mediastinum
-The diver holds his or her breath during a rapid ascent
-The diver hyperventilates prior to entering the water
The diver holds his or her breath during a rapid ascent
Breath-holding syncope is caused by a decreased stimulus to breathe and occurs when:
-A diver holds his or her breath for a long period of time
-A swimmer breathe shallowly before entering the water
-A diver holds his or her breathing during a staged ascent
-A swimmer hyperventilates prior to entering the water
A swimmer hyperventilates prior to entering the water
Burns associated with lighting strikes are typically:
-Third-degree
-Full-thickness
-Superficial
-Partial-thickness
Superficial
Common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the following except:
-Hot, dry skin
-Nausea
-Tachycardia
-Dry tongue and thirst
Hot, dry skin
Covering a patient’s _____ will significantly minimize radiation heat loss.
-Extremities
-Head
-Abdomen
-Chest
Head
Drowning is most accurately defined as:
-Temporary survival after submersion in water
-Death beyond 24 hours after submersion in water
-Death from suffocation after submersion in water
-Water in the lungs following submersion in water
Death from suffocation after submersion in water
Geriatric patients, newborns, and infants are especially prone to hyperthermia because they:
-Have smaller body surface areas
-Exhibit poor thermoregulation
-Have relatively smaller heads
-Have less body fat
Exhibit poor thermoregulation
The transfer of heat to circulating air, such as when cool air moves across the body’s surface is called:
-Evaporation
-Radiation
-Convection
-Conduction
Convection
Which of the following statements regarding drowning is correct?
-Patients with a submersion injury might deteriorate rapidly because of pulmonary injury and cerebral hypoxia
-Large amounts of water enter the lungs in a small number of drowning victims
-Artificial ventilations can easily be performed in patients with a laryngospasm
Patients with a submersion injury might deteriorate rapidly because of pulmonary injury and cerebral hypoxia
Which of the following statements regarding lightning strikes is correct?
-The tissue damage pathway caused by lightning usually occurs through the skin
-Victims who are struck by lightning often experience severe full-thickness burns
-Cervical spin fractures are the most common cause of lightning-related deaths
-Lightning strikes might cause cardiac dysrhythmias that spontaneously resolve
Lightning strikes might cause cardiac dysrhythmias that spontaneously resolve
When a person is exposed to cold temperatures and strong winds for an extended period of time, he or she will lose heat mostly by:
-Radiation
-Convection
-Conduction
-Evaporation
Convection
Shivering in the presence of hypothermia indicates that the:
-Musculoskeletal system is damaged
-Nerve endings are damaged, causing loss of muscle control
-Body is trying to generate more heat through muscular activity
-Thermoregulatory system has failed and body temperature is falling
Body is trying to generate more heat through muscular activity
All of the following are examples of passive rewarming techniques, except:
-Removing cold, wet clothing
-Administering warm fluids by mouth
-Turning up the heat inside the ambulance
-Covering the patient with warm blankets
Administering warm fluids by mouth
A woman has frostbite in both feet after walking several miles in a frozen field. Her fat are white, hard, and cold to the touch. Treatment at the scene should include:
-Rubbing her feet gently with your own warm hands
-Trying to restore circulation by helping her to walk around
-Removing her wet clothing and rubbing her feet briskly with a warm, wet cloth
-Removing her wet clothing and covering her feet with dry, sterile dressing
Removing her wet clothing and covering her feet with dry, sterile dressing
A 30-year-old male, who has been playing softball all day in a hot environment, complains of weakness and nausea shortly after experiencing a syncopal episode. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes all of the following, except:
-Giving a salt-containing solution by mouth
-Moving him to a cooler environment at once
-Administering oxygen via nonrebreathing mask
-Placing him in a supine position and elevating his legs
Giving a salt-containing solution by mouth
You are assessing a 27-year-old woman with a heat-related emergency. Her skin is flushed, hot, and moist, and her level of consciousness is decreased. After moving her to a cool environment, managing her airway, and administering oxygen, you should:
-Give her ice water to drink
-Place her in the recovery position
-Cover her with wet sheets and fan her
-Take her temperature with an axillary probe
Cover her with wet sheets and fan her
It is important to remove a drowning victim from the water before laryngospasm relaxes because:
-The patient will suffer less airway trauma
-The risk of severe hypothermia is lessened
-Less water will have entered the patient’s lungs
-You can ventilated the patient with laryngospasm
Less water will have entered the patient’s lungs
A 13-year-old girl is found floating face down in a swimming pool. Witnesses tell you that the girl had been practicing diving. After you and your partner safely enter the water, you should:
-Turn her head to the side and give five back slaps
-Turn her head to the side and begin rescue breathing
-Rotate her entire body as a unit and carefully remove her from the pool
-Rotate the entire upper half of her body as unit supporting her head and neck
Rotate the entire upper half of her body as unit supporting her head and neck
Shortly after ascending rapidly to the surface of the water while holding his breath, a 29-year-old diver begins coughing up pink, frothy sputum and complains of dyspnea and chest pain. You should suspect and treat this patient for:
-An air embolism
-A pneumothorax
-Pneumomediastinum
-Decompression sickness
An air embolism
Three ambulances respond to a golf course where a group of six golfers were struck by lighting. Two of the golfers are conscious and alert with superficial skin burns (Group 1). The next two golfers have minor fractures and appear confused (Group 2). The last two golfers are in cardiac arrest (Group 3). According to reverse triage, which group of golfers should be treated first?
-Group 1
-Group 2
-Group 3
-Groups 1 and 2; group 3 should be tagged as deceased
Group 3
Conduction
Direct transfer of heat from a part of the body to a colder object by direct contact
Heat can also be gained if the substance being touched is warm
Convection
Transfer of heat to circulating air
When cool air moves across the body
Evaporation
Conversion of any liquid to a gas
Natural mechanism by which sweating cools the body
Radiation
Transfer of heat by radiant energy
Heat loss caused when a person stands in a cold room
