Ch. 29 Flashcards
(34 cards)
An epidural hematoma is most accurately defined as:
-Venous lacerations that occur within the brain
-An injury caused by a damaged cerebral artery
-Bleeding between the dura mater and brain
-Bleeding between the skull and dura mater
Bleeding between the skull and dura mater
Once a cervical collar has been to a patient with a possible spinal injury it should not be removed unless:
-The patient adamantly denies neck pain
-Lateral immobilization has been applied
-Sensory and motor functions remain intact
-It causes a problem managing the airway
It causes a problem managing the airway
The hormone responsible for the actions of the sympathetic nervous system is:
-Epinephrine
-Thyroxine
-Aldosterone
-insulin
Epinephrine
The ideal procedure for moving an injured patient from the ground to a backboard is:
-The four-person log roll
-The direct patient carry
-The use of a scoop stretcher
-The clothes drag
The four-person log roll
The most reliable sign of a head injury is:
-An abnormally low blood pressure
-A pulse that is rapid and thready
-A decreased level of consciousness
-Decreased sensation in the extremities
A decreased level of consciousmess
The spinal cord is encased in and protected by the:
-Spinal cord
-Intervertebral disc
-Vertebral body
-Vertebral arch
Spinal canal
When opening the airway of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, you should use the:
-Head tilt-chin lift maneuver
-Jaw-thrust maneuver
-Tongue-jaw lift maneuver
-Head tilt-neck lift maneuver
Jaw-thrust maneuver
When placing a patient onto a long backboard, the EMT at the patient’s ______ is in charge of all patient movements.
-Lower extremities
-Head
-Waist
-Chest
Head
Which of the following interventions may be used to help reduce intracranial pressure?
-Increasing the patient’s body temperature
-Supine with the legs elevated
-30-degree elevation of the head
-Maintaining the SpO2 at 90%
30-degree elevation of the head
You should be most suspicious that a patient has experienced a significant head injury if his or her pulse is:
-Rapid
-Weal
-Slow
-Irregular
Slow
The brain, a part of the central nervous system (CNS), is divided into the:
-Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem
-cerebrum, brain stem, and spinal cord
-Cerebellum, cerebrum, and spinal cord
-Spinal cord, cerebrum, and cerebral cortex
Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem
As you are assessing a 24-year-old man with a large laceration to the top of his head, you should recall that:
-The scalp, unlike other parts of the body, has relatively fewer blood vessels
-Blood loss from a scalp laceration may contribute to hypovolemic shock in adults
-Any avulsed portions of the scalp should be carefully cut away to facilitate bandaging
-Most scalp injuries are superficial and are rarely associated with more serious injuries
Blood loss from a scalp laceration may contribute to hypovolemic shock in adults
A patient who experiences an immediate loss of consciousness followed by a lucid interval has a(n):
-Epidural hematoma
-Subdural hematoma
-Concussion
-Contusion
Epidural hematoma
A 44-year-old man was struck in the back of the head and was reportedly unconscious for approximately 30 seconds. He complains of a severe headache and “seeing stars”, and states that he regained his memory shortly before your arrival. His presentation is most consistent with a(n):
-Contusion
-Concussion
-Subdural hematoma
-Intracerebral hemorrhage
Concussion
A young male was involved in a motor vehicle accident and experienced a closed head injury. He has no memory of the events leading up to the accident, but remembers that he was going to a birthday party. What is the correct term to use when documenting his memory loss?
-Concussion
-Cerebral contusion
-Retrograde amnesia
-Anterograde amnesia
Retrograde amnesia
A distraction injury to the cervical spine would most likely occur following:
-A diving accident
-Blunt neck trauma
-Hyperextension of the neck
-Hanging-type mechanisms
Hanging-type mechanisms
During immobilization of a patient with a possible spinal injury, manual stabilization of the head must be maintained until:
-An appropriate-size extrication collar has been placed
-The patient is fully immobilized on a long backboard
-A range of motion test of the neck has been completed
-Pulse, motor, and sensory functions are found to be intact
The patient is fully immobilized on a long backboard
Your patient is a 21-year-old male who has massive face and head trauma after being assaulted. He is lying supine, is semiconscious, and has blood in his mouth. You should:
-Inert a nasal airway, assess his respirations, and give 100% oxygen
-Suction his airway and apply high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreathing mask
-Manually stabilize his head, log roll him onto his side, and suction his mouth
-Apply a cervical collar, suction his airway, and begin assisting his ventilations
Manually stabilize his head, log roll him onto his side, and suction his mouth
A man is found slumped over the steering wheel unconscious and making snoring sounds, after an automobile accident. His head is turned to the side and his neck is flexed. You should:
-Gently rotate his head to correct the deformity
-Carefully hyperextend his neck to open his airway
-Apply an extrication collar with his head in the position found
-Manually stabilize his head and move it to a neutral in-line position
Manually stabilize his head and move it to a neutral in-line position
You should not remove an injured football player’s helmet if:
-A cervical spine injury is suspected, even if the helmet fits loosely
-The patient has a patient airway, even if he has breathing difficulty
-He has broken teeth, but only if the helmet does not fit snugly in place
-The face guard can easily be removed and there is no airway compromise
The face guard can easily be removed and there is no airway compromise
Cerebrum
Controls a wide variety of activities, including most voluntary motor function and conscious thought
Contains about 75% of the brain’s total volume
Divided into two hemispheres with four lobes
Cerebellum
Coordinates balance and body movements
Brainstem
Controls most functions necessary for life
Best-protected part of the CNS
Spinal cord
Made up of fibers that extend from the brain’s nerve cells
Carries messages between the brain and the body via the grey and white matter of the spinal cord
