CH 33. INVERTEBRATES pt 2

Question 1

athropoda characteristics

Answer 1

proteostomes
coelomates
well developed sensory organs on anterior surface (eyes, ear, olfactory antenna)
open circulatory system (mixes hemolymph)
specialized gas exchange organs

Question 2

what are the specialized gas exchange organs of arthropods?

Answer 2

1. aquatic: gills with thin, feathery extensions, high surface area with water
2. terrestrial: internal surfaces like tracheal systems (branched air ducts that lead to interior pores in the exoskeleton)
3. spiracles in insects

Question 3

arthropod lineage (3)

Answer 3

insects and crustaceans
chelicerates
myriapods

Question 4

insects and crustaceans

Answer 4

pacrusteceans, crabs, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles

Question 5

chelicerates

Answer 5

claw-like feeding appendages called chelicerae (sea spiders, horseshoe crabs, arachnids)

Question 6

myriapods

Answer 6

jaw-like mandible (centipede, millipede, all terrestrial)

Question 7

millipede

Answer 7

2 pairs of legs/segment. herbivores and detrivores.

Question 8

centipedes

Answer 8

one pair of legs/segment. carnivore

Question 9

insects are more species rich than other organisms due to

Answer 9

1. high reproductive capacity
2. social behaviors and systems
3. highly motile (run, hop, fly)

Question 10

major adaptations of insects

Answer 10

1. flight (requires a highly developed nervous system. escape predators, find food and mates, dispersal)
2. sexual reproduction (use bright colors, sounds, or odors [pheromones]. reproductive isolation mechanisms)
3. body plan (complex organ systems, specialized mouthparts)

Question 11

types of insect metamorphosis

Answer 11

incomplete: nymphs resemble adults but smaller, goes through series of molts until adult size
complete: larval stage for eating and growing, adult specialized for dispersal and reproduction
The pupal stage is during metamorphosis

Question 12

deuterostomia

Answer 12

echinoderms and chordates with anus forming from blastopore and mouth forming at opposite side (bilateral, triploblastic, coelomates)

Question 13

echinodermata

Answer 13

slow moving or sessile animals
5 spokes coming from center, but bilateral larvae
thin epidermis covering exoskeleton of hard-calcium
water vascular system
external sexual reproduction

Question 14

water vascular system

Answer 14

network of hydraulic canals that run up and down each arm branching into tube feet

Question 15

tube feet

Answer 15

bulbs that take in water and pump it back out. used for movement, capturing prey, and gas exchange. many are prickly from bumps and spines and have gills

Question 16

chordata subphyla

Answer 16

vertebrates and invertebrates

Question 17

chordates have evolved for over

Answer 17

500 million years

Question 18

chordates are

Answer 18

bilateral, coelomates, and deuterostomes