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Radiology & Office Administration > Ch. 38 > Flashcards

Ch. 38 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

An _________ is a basic form of matter

A

Atom

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2
Q

When the primary beam interacts with matter, it is referred to as a x-radiation or ____________.

A

Secondary

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3
Q

Smaller film ________ sizes can improve the sharpness of a radiograph image

A

Crystal

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4
Q

How far away should you be from the x-ray unit when exposing?

A

6 feet

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5
Q

Changing the exposure time on an x-ray will affect the number of ____________.

A

X-ray produced

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6
Q

The ___________ is used to restrict the size and shape of the primary beam and reduce patient exposure.

A

Lead collimator

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7
Q

What does the national council on radiation protection and measurements determine?

A

Radiation effects and levels tolerable for humans

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8
Q

What organs have a low sensitivity to radiation?

A

Muscle tissue & nerve tissue

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9
Q

_________ or _________ are earliest signs of overexposure to x-rays

A

Erythema or Redness

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10
Q

When not in use, the lead apron should be _________ or __________ : never folded

A

Hung or draped over a bar

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11
Q

When electrons strike the target ______ % is heat and ______% is x-ray are generated

A

99 : 1

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12
Q

Abnormalities in surrounding hard and soft tissues is one the benefits in using __________.

A

Dental images ( x-ray )

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13
Q

The ________ the wavelengths of the x-rays, the _________ their energy and their usefulness is in dentistry.

A

Shorter : Greater

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14
Q

_________ is the range of shades of gray between black and white on an image

A

Contrast

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15
Q

The cells and tissue that have a high sensitivity to radiation are __________ , __________ , and ___________.

A

Lymphoid, bone marrow, and reproductive cells.

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16
Q

A step-down transformer is necessary within the x-ray circuitry to reduce incoming line voltage from 110 or 120 volts to 3 to 5 volts. This heats the tungsten filament to ________.

A
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17
Q

________ is the beam of x-rays that comes from the target and is also known as the useful beam

A

Primary radiation

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18
Q

__________ is the time lapse from the x-ray exposure until noticeable damage occurs.

A

The latent period

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19
Q

The ________ should hold the film in the patient’s mouth if the patient is unable to do so.

A

Parent or relative of the patient

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20
Q

What are examples of cumulative radiation:

A

Cancer, cataracts, leukemia & genetic abnormalities

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21
Q

_________ is how well the image produces fine detail and distinct outlines on an object.

A

Sharpness

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22
Q

How many impulses is equal to an exposure time of 1/4 second?

A

15

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23
Q

What did Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discover in 1895?

A

X-ray

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24
Q

When areas on an image appear dark, it is termed ______________.

25
When areas on an image appear white or light gray, it is termed:
Radiopaque
26
__________ and ___________ must be used on all patients for all exposures
Lead apron, and thyroid collar
27
Braking radiation is the __________ kind of radiation produced in a dental tubehead
Primary
28
_______ fills the x-ray machine housing and surrounds the x-ray tube head so it can absorb heat created by the production on x-rays
Oil
29
The purpose of the ______________ is to remove the low energy, long wavelengths, and least penetrating x-rays from the beam
Aluminum filter
30
_____________ exposure occurs when small doses of radiation are absorbed over a long period.
Chronic Radiation
31
___________ should be worn at work when exposing radiographs, and not worn out of the office.
Film badges (dosimeter/ monitoring badge)
32
True or Flase : If a patient is small and petite, to get the same density radiograph it is best to reduce the exposure and mA.
True
33
If a radiograph has an over all gray appearances: what type of contrast do they have?
Low
34
When the ________ is on the electron cloud is created around the tungsten filament
Master switch
35
Any exposure to ___________, no matter how small, has the potential to cause harmful biological changes in the operator and the patient.
Radiation.
36
___________ is the component of the x-ray machine that functions in positioning the tubehead
Extension arm
37
The degree of __________ or blackness on an image is controlled by the milliampere seconds.
Dentistry
38
The ___________ radiation are composed of photons that travel through space in waveforms, differ only by their wavelength and travel in a straight line.
Electromagnetic
39
The penetrating power of the x-ray beam is controlled by the _________ setting
Kilovoltage
40
______mm of filtration is federally required for a dental x-ray machine operating over 70 kVp
2.50
41
Where should the radiation hazard sign be posted?
In sight of patients and personnel
42
____ rem/year is the maximum permissible dose for occupational workers and individuals over the age of 18
5
43
_________ is a term used to describe the energy or penetrating ability of the x-ray beam
Quality
44
When exposing radiation you should always use the ALARA concept, which is :
Keeping exposure levels as low as possible
45
If the image has too much contrast you should increase the _____.
kVp
46
____________ is the location where the x-ray are produced in the x-ray tube
Focal spot
47
Who made the first dental radiograph in 1896?
Otto Walkhoff
48
The x-ray ______ is the heat of the x-ray generating system
Tube
49
What can damage cause by ionizing x-radiation to genetic cells affect?
Future Generations
50
The _________ is a portion of the x-ray machine that supplies the electrons to produce x-rays
Cathode
51
By limiting movement you can prevent __________ which causes fuzzy, or blurred areas around the image
Penumbra
52
What should be done if the film badge indicates an exposure to small amounts of radiation
Evaluate the x-ray equipment and techniques
53
When the exposure button on the dental x-ray machine is pressed; electrons slam against the target of the anode and ____________.
Produces the x-ray
54
The structure of the atom has an orbital path of electrons around the nucleus called ____________.
Electrons shells
55
Do metal restorations appear radiolucent or radiopaque on dental x-ray film?
Radiopaque
56
What term can refer to digital imaging sensor or to film?
Image receptor
57
_____________ is the release of electrons from the tungsten filament
Thermionic Emission
58
Using fast film or digital imaging reduces
Radiation exposure
59
The guidelines for prescribing dental radiographs issued by the ADA and the FDA recommend the radiographic imaging procedures do not need to be altered because of _____________.
Pregnancy

Radiology & Office Administration (8 decks)

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