Ch. 38

Question 1

inhibit the growth of bacteria

Answer 1

Sulfonamides

Question 2

have broad spectrum of antiacterial activity, including activity against gram pos and gram neg bacertia

Answer 2

Sulfonamides

Question 3

These antibiotics achieve very high concentrations in the kidneys, and therefore are often used to Tx UTIs.

Answer 3

sulfamethoxazole

trimethoprim

Question 4

Four major subclasses of beta-lactam broad group ATBs

Answer 4

penicillins
cephalosporins
carbapenems
monobactams

Question 5

Four subgroups of penicillins

Answer 5

natural penicillins
penicillinase-resistant penicillins
aminpenicillins
extended-spectrum penicillins

Question 6

Some bacteria are capable of producing ______ that can inactivate penicillin

Answer 6

beta-lactamase

Question 7

Combination penicillin and beta-lactamase inhibitors

Answer 7

ampicillin/sulbactam
amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
ticarcillin/clavulanic acid
piperacillin/tazobactam

Question 8

indicated for the prevention and Tx of infections caused by gram-pos bacteria

Answer 8

penicillins

Question 9

Common adverse effects include urticaria, pruritus, and angioedema

Answer 9

penicillins

Question 10

carbenicillin

Answer 10

extended-spectrum penicillin

Question 11

piperacillin

Answer 11

extended-spectrum penicillin

Question 12

ticarcillin

Answer 12

extended-spectrum penicillin

Question 13

Semisynthetic antibiotics structurally and pharmacologically related to the penicillins. They are bactericidal and interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis.

Answer 13

cephalosporins

Question 14

usually active against gram-positive bacteria and have limited activity against gram-negative bacteria

Answer 14

First Gen. Cephalosporins

Question 15

have coverage against gram-positive organisms but have enhanced coverage against gram-negative bacteria

Answer 15

Second Gen Cephalosporins

Question 16

cefotaxime

Answer 16

3rd Generation Cephalosporin

Question 17

cefpodoxime

Answer 17

3rd Generation Cephalosporin

Question 18

ceftazidime

Answer 18

3rd Gen. Cephalosporin

Question 19

ceftibuten

Answer 19

3rd. Gen. Cephalosporin

Question 20

cefdinir

Answer 20

3rd Gen. Cephalosporin

Question 21

ceftizoxime

Answer 21

3rd Gen. Cephalosporin

Question 22

ceftriaxone

Answer 22

3rd Gen. Cephalosporin

Question 23

has increased activity against many Enterobacter spp. (gram-negative) as well as gram-positive organisms

Answer 23

cefepime

Question 24

indicated for the treatment of uncomplicated and complicated UTIs, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, and pneumonia

Answer 24

cefepime

Question 25

a fifth-generation cephalosporin and the only cephalosporin that treats MRSA

Answer 25

ceftaroline

Question 26

Commonly reported adverse effects: mild diarrhea, abdominal cramps, rash, pruritus, redness, and edema. A person allergic to penicillin may also be allergic to this drug class.

Answer 26

Cephalosporins

Question 27

have the broadest antibacterial action of any antibiotics to date; they are bactericidal and inhibit cell wall synthesis

Answer 27

Carbapenems

Question 28

often reserved for complicated body cavity and connective tissue infections in acutely ill patients and are also effective against many gram-positive organisms

Answer 28

Carbapenems

Question 29

must be infused over 60 minutes

Answer 29

Carbapenems

Question 30

Greatest hazard is r/o drug induced seizures

Answer 30

Carbapenems

Question 31

the only monobactam antibiotic; it is a synthetic beta-lactam antibiotic that is primarily active against aerobic gram-negative bacteria. a bactericidal antibiotic, destroying bacteria by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, which results in lysis . Indicated for the treatment of moderately severe systemic infections and UTIs.

Answer 31

aztreonam

Question 32

azithromycin

Answer 32

Macrolide

Question 33

clarithromycin

Answer 33

Macrolide

Question 34

dirithromycin

Answer 34

Macrolide

Question 35

erythromycin

Answer 35

Macrolide

Question 36

considered bacteriostatic; however, in high enough concentrations they may be bactericidal to some susceptible bacteria

Answer 36

Macrolides

Question 37

Especially effective against several bacterial species that often reproduce inside host cells instead of just in the bloodstream or interstitial spaces, such as Listeria, Chlamydia, Legionella, Neisseria, and Campylobacter.

Answer 37

Macrolides

Question 38

Inhibit infections including Streptococcus pyogenes, mild to moderate upper and lower respiratory tract infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae, spirochetal infections including syphilis and Lyme disease, various forms of gonorrhea, chlamydia, and mycoplasma infections

Answer 38

Macrolides

Question 39

A therapeutic effect of ________ is its ability to irritate the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which stimulates smooth muscle and GI motility. This may benefit those who have decreased GI motility, such as delayed gastric emptying in diabetic patients. It is also helpful in facilitating the passage of feeding tubes from the stomach to small bowel.

Answer 39

erythromycin

Question 40

currently the only drug in the ketolide class. It is derived from erythromycin A and has better acid stability and better antibacterial coverage than the macrolides. Has been associated with severe liver damage, and its use is very limited.

Answer 40

Telithromycin

Question 41

demeclocycline

Answer 41

Natural Tetracycline

Question 42

oxytetracycline

Answer 42

Natural Tetracycline

Question 43

tetracycline

Answer 43

Natural Tetracyline

Question 44

indicated for skin and soft tissue infections, intraabdominal infections, pneumonia, and many resistant bacteria

Answer 44

tigecycline

Question 45

Traditionally used to treat acne in adolescents and adults, they are also considered the drugs of choice for the treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible organisms: chlamydia, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Rickettsia infections, syphilis, and balantidiasis.

Answer 45

Tetracyclines

Question 46

can cause discoloration of the permanent teeth and tooth enamel hypoplasia in both fetuses and children and possibly retard fetal skeletal development if taken during pregnancy, as well as photosensitivity, alteration of the intestinal and vaginal flora, reversible bulging fontanelles in neonates, thrombocytopenia, possible coagulation irregularities, hemolytic anemia, and exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Answer 46

Tetracyclines