Ch. 51

Question 1

Causes of acute diarrhea

Answer 1

Bacterial
Viral
Drug induced
Nutritional factors
Protozoa

Question 2

Causes of chronic diarrhea

Answer 2

tumors
DM
Addisons Disease
Hyperthyroidism
IBS
AIDS

Question 3

MOA: coat the walls of the GI tract, binding the causative bacteria or toxin, which is then eliminated through the feces.

Answer 3

adsorbents

Question 4

bismuth subsalicylate

Answer 4

adsorbents

Question 5

kaolin-pectin

Answer 5

adsorbents

Question 6

activated charcoal

Answer 6

adsorbents

Question 7

attapulgite

Answer 7

adsorbents

Question 8

MOA: decrease intestinal muscle tone and peristalsis of the GI tract.

Answer 8

Anticholinergic (Antimotility)

Question 9

belladonna alkaloids

Answer 9

Anticholinergic (Antimotility)

Question 10

atropine

Answer 10

Anticholinergic (Antimotility)

Question 11

hyoscyamine

Answer 11

Anticholinergic (Antimotility)

Question 12

MOA: decrease intestinal motility and relieve rectal spams.

Answer 12

Opioid (Antimotility)

Question 13

paregoric

Answer 13

Opioid (Antimotility)

Question 14

pium tincture

Answer 14

Opioid (Antimotility)

Question 15

codeine

Answer 15

Opioid (Antimotility)

Question 16

loperamide

Answer 16

Opioid (Antimotility)

Question 17

diphenoxylate

Answer 17

Opioid (Antimotility)

Question 18

Supply missing bacteria to the GI tract, suppressing the growth of diarhhea-causing bacteria

Answer 18

Intestinal flora modifiers

Question 19

L. acidophilus

Answer 19

Intestinal flora modifier

Question 20

Adverse Effects: Increased bleeding time, constipation, dark feces, confusion, twitching, hearing loss, tinnitus, metallic taste, blue
gums

Answer 20

Adsorbents

Question 21

Adverse Effects: Urinary retention, hesitancy, impotence, headache, dizziness, confusion, anxiety, drowsiness, dry skin, rash, flushing, blurred vision, photophobia, increased intraocular
pressure

Hypotension, hypertension, bradycardia, tachycardia

Answer 21

Anticholenergics

Question 22

Adverse Effects: Drowsiness, sedation, dizziness, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, constipation, respiratory depression, hypotension, urinary retention, flushing

Answer 22

Opiates

Question 23

MOA: High fiber, absorb water to increase bulk, distend intestines to initiate reflex intestinal activity

Answer 23

Bulk Forming Laxatives

Question 24

psyllium

Answer 24

Bulk Forming Laxatives

Question 25

methylcellulose

Answer 25

Bulk Forming Laxatives

Question 26

MOA: Stool softeners and lubricants. Promote more water and fat in the feces. Lubricate the fecal material and intestinal walls

Answer 26

Emollient laxatives

Question 27

docusate salts

Answer 27

Emollient (fecal softeners)

Question 28

mineral oil

Answer 28

Emollient (lubricant)

Question 29

MOA: Increase fecal water content. Result: bowel distention, increased peristalsis, and evacuation

Answer 29

Hyperosmotic laxatives