Ch 4-3 Cell Organelles

Question 1

What does the nucleus of a cell contain?

Answer 1

the cell’s DNA which controls the cell’s activities

Question 2

What from is DNA in when the cell is not dividing?

Answer 2

the relaxed form called chromatin

Question 3

What happens to the DNA when the cell is about to divide?

Answer 3

the DNA condenses to form chromosomes

Question 4

What is the nuclear envelope?

Answer 4

a double layer of plasma membrane that surrounds the nucleus

Question 5

What are the nuclear pores?

Answer 5

the openings in the nuclear envelope

Question 6

What is the nucleolus?

Answer 6

a dense area of concentrated DNA found in most cells. the nucleolus makes ribosomes

Question 7

What does mitochondria do?

Answer 7

it converts organic compounds of glucose into smaller units of energy called ATP

Question 8

How is ATP used by the cell?

Answer 8

the cell uses it to do any and all processes that require energy

Question 9

What are ribosomes?

Answer 9

small spherical organelles that are responsible for building polypeptide chains

Question 10

Where are ribosomes located in the cell?

Answer 10

some are free within the cytoplasm while others are attached to the rough ER

Question 11

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 11

a system of tubes and sacs that function as a path along which molecules move from one part of the cell to another

Question 12

What are the two types of ER

Answer 12

rough and smooth

Question 13

What is rough ER?

Answer 13

rough ER has ribosomes on its surface and produces phospholipids and proteins

Question 14

What happens to the ribosomes rough ER makes?

Answer 14

they exported from the cell of inserted into the cell membrane

Question 15

What does the smooth ER do?

Answer 15

builds lipids and helps to detoxify the body of toxins

Question 16

What is the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 16

a system of flattened membranous sacs that process and package proteins to be transported outside the cell

Question 17

What are vesicles?

Answer 17

small membrane bound sacs that contain materials to be taken into or removed from the cell for transported within the cell

Question 18

What are the two types of vesicles?

Answer 18

lysosomes and peroxisomes

Question 19

What do lysosomes contain and break down?

Answer 19

they contain digestive enzymes and break down old cell parts for recycling and disposal

Question 20

What do peroxisomes do?

Answer 20

they break down alcohol and fatty acids

Question 21

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 21

a network of protein filaments and tubes in the cytoplasm that play a role in cell movement, shape, and division

Question 22

What does the cytoskeleton include?

Answer 22

microtubules and microfilaments, cilia and flagella, and centrioles

Question 23

What is the difference between microtubules and microfilaments?

Answer 23

microtubules are thicker than microfilaments

Question 24

What are microtubules and microfilaments both involved in?

Answer 24

cell structure

Question 25

What are cilia and flagella?

Answer 25

hair-like structures that extend from the surface of the cell where they aid in cell movement

Question 26

What are centrioles?

Answer 26

two short cylinders of microtubules that are involved in cell division, only found in animal cells

Question 27

What structures are unique to plant cells?

Answer 27

cell walls, chloroplasts, and a central vacuole

Question 28

What is a cell wall made of and what does it provide?

Answer 28

it is made of the carbohydrate cellulose and provides support and protection

Question 29

What do large central vacuoles store and provide?

Answer 29

they store water, enzymes, and waste products and provide support for plant tissue

Question 30

What do chloroplasts use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water for?

Answer 30

to make chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates (glucose) by the process of photosynthesis