Ch. 4

Question 1

sociolinguistics

Answer 1

examine dialects and styles in a single language to show how speech reflects social differences

Question 2

call systems

Answer 2

natural communication systems between primates (monkeys, apes); calls can’t be combined (say food or danger first)

Question 3

1st chimpanzee to learn ____

Answer 3

ASL; Washoe, female died at 42; vocab more than 100 signs

Question 4

2nd chimpanzee

Answer 4

Lucy

Question 5

cultural transmission

Answer 5

communication system through learning is a fundamental attribute of language

Question 6

Penny Patterson

Answer 6

Koko- gorilla (usually too large). 400 ALS signs; apes and chimps share productivity with humans

Question 7

displacement

Answer 7

humans can talk about things that are not present

Question 8

FOXP2

Answer 8

a mutated gene explaining why humans can speak, but chimps cannot

Question 9

kinesics

Answer 9

study of communication through body movements, gestures, expressions

Question 10

language

Answer 10

the domain of communication in which culture plays the strongest role

Question 11

phonology

Answer 11

study of speech sounds, considers which sounds are present and significant in a language

Question 12

morphology

Answer 12

studies words and their meaningful parts

Question 13

lexicon

Answer 13

dictionary containing all of a languages morphemes & their meanings

Question 14

syntax

Answer 14

arrangement and order of words in phrases and sentences

Question 15

phoneme

Answer 15

a sound contrast that makes a difference, differentiates meaning of words. EX: rig, big

Question 16

phonetics

Answer 16

study of speech sounds in general, what people say in various languages

Question 17

universal grammar

Answer 17

the notion that all languages have a common structural basis

Question 18

pidgins

Answer 18

base on english and native languages developed through trade and colonialism in many world areas

Question 19

creole languages

Answer 19

more mature languages with developed grammatical rules and native speakers

Question 20

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Answer 20

rather than seeking universal linguistic structures and processes, they believe that different languages produce different ways of thinking; grammatical categories cause speakers to think in different ways

Question 21

focal vocab

Answer 21

influenced by lexicon; specialized sets of terms and distinctions that are particularly important to certain groups.

Question 22

semantics

Answer 22

a language’s meaning system

Question 23

sociolinguistics

Answer 23

investigates relationships between social and linguistic variation