Ch. 6

Question 1

market principle

Answer 1

govern the distribution of the means of production- land, labor, natural resources, technology, and capital.

Question 2

law of supply and demand

Answer 2

things cost more then they are scarce

Question 3

redistribution

Answer 3

system of economic exchange involving the centralized collection of goods from members of a group followed by the redivision of those goods among members

Question 4

the flow of good eventually ___________. 1. __________ 2. _____________ 3.____________

Answer 4

reverses; 1. center

2. hierarchy
3. common people

Question 5

reciprocity

Answer 5

exchange between social equals, normally related by kinship

Question 6

generalized reciprocity

Answer 6

give and expect nothing in immediate return

Question 7

balanced reciprocity

Answer 7

people who are distantly related and expect something in return

Question 8

negative reciprocity

Answer 8

attempt to get something for nothing “silent trade”

Question 9

potlatching

Answer 9

ceremonial distribution of property and gifts to affirm or reaffirm social status,as uniquely institutionalized by the American Indians of the pacific northwest; show social status by giving things

Question 10

political organization

Answer 10

individuals or groups that manage the affair of public policy or seek to control the appointment or activities of those individuals or groups

Question 11

regulation

Answer 11

decision making, social control, and conflict resolution

Question 12

band

Answer 12

small kin-based groups

Question 13

tribes

Answer 13

economies based on non intensive food production

Question 14

chiefdom

Answer 14

sociopolitical organization intermediate between the tribe and state

Question 15

state

Answer 15

based on formal gov. structure

Question 16

sociopolitical typology (___ types)

Answer 16

1. band
2. tribe
3. chiefdom
4. state

Question 17

Foraging Bands: The San

Answer 17

all foragers trade w/ food producers, the san “bushman” use a social system based on kinship, reciprocity, and sharing; band leaders were leaders in name only.

Question 18

Foraging Bands: The Inuit

Answer 18

conflict resolution (reconciliation- the methods and processes involved in facilitating the peaceful ending of disagreement); nuclear family; no gov.

Question 19

yanomami

Answer 19

have family, villages, and descent groups

Question 20

village head

Answer 20

the person appointed to administer an area that is often a single village

Question 21

headmand _____ the right to issue ________. He can only ______.

Answer 21

lacks; orders; influence

Question 22

the “big man”

Answer 22

elaborate version of the village head because he was a regulator of regional political organization

Question 23

status

Answer 23

encompasses the various positions that people occupy in societies

Question 24

ascribed status

Answer 24

people have little choice or no choice about occupying them

Question 25

achieved status

Answer 25

not automatic; come through choices, actions, effort talents; accomplishments can be negative or positive

Question 26

chiefdoms

Answer 26

a political unit headed by a chief, who holds power over more than one community or group; usually densely populated