Ch. 4 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Soluble compounds contain:
- Group 1 metal cations and ammonium ion (NH4)
- the halide ions
- the acetate, bicarbonate, nitrate, and chlorate ions
- the sulfate ion
Insoluble compounds contain:
- Carbonate, chromate, phosphate, and sulfide ions
- hydroxide ion
The extent to which a substance may be dissolved in water, or any solvent, is quantitatively expressed as its:
Solubility
Substances with relatively large solubilities are said to be:
Soluble
A substance will ______ when solution conditions are such that its concentration exceeds its solubility.
Precipitates
Substances with relatively low solubilities are said to be:
Insoluble
A __________ reaction is one in which a hydrogen ion, H, is transferred from one chemical species to another.
Acid-base
An _____is a substance that will dissolve in water to yield hydronium ions, H3O.
Acid
HBr
Hydrobromic acid
HCl
Hydrochloric acid
HI
Hydroiodic acid
HNO3
Nitric acid
HClO4
Perchloric acid
H2SO4
Sulfuric acid
A _____ is a substance that will dissolve in water to yield hydroxide ions, OH.
Base
A ________ reaction is a specific type of acid-base reaction in which the reactants are an acid and a base, the products are often a salt and water, and neither reactant is the water itself.
Neutralization
Acid + base โโ-> salt + water
HOCl
Hydrogen hypochlorite
Ba(OH)2
Barium hydroxide
Loss of electrons =
Oxidation
Gain of electrons =
Reduction
The substances undergoing reaction are called ______ and their formulas are placed on the left side of the equation.
Reactants
The substances generated by the reaction are called _______ , and their formulas are placed on the ride side of the equation.
Products
Explicitly representing all dissolved ions results in a ________.
Complete ionic equation
These _____ โions whose presence is required to maintain charge neutralityโare neither chemically nor physically changed by the process, and so they may be eliminated from the equation to yield a more succinct representation called a _______.
Spectator ions
Net ionic equation