Ch. 4 Flashcards

(30 cards)

1
Q

Soluble compounds contain:

A
  • Group 1 metal cations and ammonium ion (NH4)
  • the halide ions
  • the acetate, bicarbonate, nitrate, and chlorate ions
  • the sulfate ion
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2
Q

Insoluble compounds contain:

A
  • Carbonate, chromate, phosphate, and sulfide ions

- hydroxide ion

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3
Q

The extent to which a substance may be dissolved in water, or any solvent, is quantitatively expressed as its:

A

Solubility

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4
Q

Substances with relatively large solubilities are said to be:

A

Soluble

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5
Q

A substance will ______ when solution conditions are such that its concentration exceeds its solubility.

A

Precipitates

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6
Q

Substances with relatively low solubilities are said to be:

A

Insoluble

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7
Q

A __________ reaction is one in which a hydrogen ion, H, is transferred from one chemical species to another.

A

Acid-base

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8
Q

An _____is a substance that will dissolve in water to yield hydronium ions, H3O.

A

Acid

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9
Q

HBr

A

Hydrobromic acid

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10
Q

HCl

A

Hydrochloric acid

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11
Q

HI

A

Hydroiodic acid

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12
Q

HNO3

A

Nitric acid

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13
Q

HClO4

A

Perchloric acid

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14
Q

H2SO4

A

Sulfuric acid

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15
Q

A _____ is a substance that will dissolve in water to yield hydroxide ions, OH.

A

Base

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16
Q

A ________ reaction is a specific type of acid-base reaction in which the reactants are an acid and a base, the products are often a salt and water, and neither reactant is the water itself.

A

Neutralization

Acid + base โ€”โ€”-> salt + water

17
Q

HOCl

A

Hydrogen hypochlorite

18
Q

Ba(OH)2

A

Barium hydroxide

19
Q

Loss of electrons =

20
Q

Gain of electrons =

21
Q

The substances undergoing reaction are called ______ and their formulas are placed on the left side of the equation.

22
Q

The substances generated by the reaction are called _______ , and their formulas are placed on the ride side of the equation.

23
Q

Explicitly representing all dissolved ions results in a ________.

A

Complete ionic equation

24
Q

These _____ โ€”ions whose presence is required to maintain charge neutralityโ€”are neither chemically nor physically changed by the process, and so they may be eliminated from the equation to yield a more succinct representation called a _______.

A

Spectator ions

Net ionic equation

25
CO2
Carbon dioxide
26
What does it mean to say an equation is balanced? Why is it important for an equation to be balanced?
An equation is balanced when the same number of each element is represented on the reactant and product sides. Equations must be balanced to accurately reflect the law of conservation of matter.
27
A _______ is one in which dissolved substances react to form one (or more) solid products.
Precipitation reaction
28
The term _______ was originally used to describe chemical reactions involving O2, but its meaning has evolved to refer to a broad and important reaction class known as oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions.
Oxidation
29
The __________ of an element in a compound is the charge its atoms would possess if the compound was ionic.
Oxidation number
30
Oxidation number of Hydrogen
+1 when combined with nonmetal | -1 when combined with metal