Ch. 4 Assessment and Health Promotion Flashcards
(78 cards)
1
Q
External female structures are developed by what?
A
hormones
2
Q
What are the internal structures of the female reproductive system?
A
- Vagina
- Cervix
- Outer cervix
- Uterus
- Uterine tubes
- Ovaries
3
Q
Is the vagina a tubular structure?
A
Yes
4
Q
Is the vagina a fibromuscular structure which allows for stretching and expansion?
A
Yes
5
Q
Is the vagina acidic?
A
Yes
6
Q
What is the vagina a passageway for?
A
- Birth
- Mences
- Intercourse
7
Q
Is the uterus a muscular organ?
A
Yes
8
Q
What are the three layers of the uterus?
A
- Perimetrium (outermost)
- Myometirum (muscle layer)
- Endometrium (mucosal layer)
9
Q
What does the perimetric layer cover?
A
The abdominal wall
10
Q
Does the myometrium build and thicken?
A
Yes
11
Q
What two layers of the endometrium shed monthly?
A
- Stratum functionalism
- Stratum basalis
12
Q
What is the top of the uterus called?
A
fundus
13
Q
What are the 4 functions of the uterus?
A
- Reception, implantation, retention, of fertilized ovum
- Menstruation
- Retain fetus until birth
- Expulsion of fetus during birth
14
Q
What supports the uterus as it grows
A
The many uterine ligaments
15
Q
What is the passageway between the ovaries and uterus?
A
Fallopian tubes
16
Q
Where is the site of fertilization?
A
Ampulla
17
Q
What is responsible for ovulation?
A
The ovaries
18
Q
What hormones are secreted by the ovaries?
A
- Estrogen
- Progesterone
19
Q
Is the ovary sensitive to FSH and LH?
A
YES
20
Q
Does the bony pelvis play a large role in reproduction?
A
Yes (gynecoid pelvis)
21
Q
What are the functions of the pelvis during reproduction?
A
- Protection
- Accommodation of growing fetus
- Anchor of pelvic support structures
- Passageway for decent of fetus
22
Q
The pelvis fuses in early 20s but can separate when?
A
During child birth
23
Q
When should a great exam be done?
A
5-7 days after menstruation
24
Q
Changes in size and modularity in response to cyclic ovarian changes is seen in what?
A
The breasts
25
What is the first menstruation called?
Menarche
26
What is the transition phase between childhood and sexual maturity?
Puberty
27
The menstrual cycle is a combination of what 3 cycles occurring at the same time?
- Endometrial
- Hypothalamic-pituitary
- Ovarian
28
What is the average length of a period?
5 days
29
What is the average blood loss during a period?
50cc
30
What cycle occurs towards the end of the menstrual cycle as a whole?
The hypothalamic-pituitary cycle
31
When do estrogen and progesterone blood levels fall?
During the hypothalamic-pituitary cycle
32
Low levels of estrogen and progesterone during the hypothalamic-pituitary cycle stimulate the hypothalamus to secrete what?
GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)
33
When the hypothalamus stimulates the release of GnRH during the hypothalamic-pituitary cycle, GnRH causes the anterior pituitary to release what?
FSH that stimulate the development of ovarian follicle
34
Release of GnRH in the hypothalamic-pituitary cycle also stimulates the release of what?
LH
35
During the ovarian cycle, FSH and LH were released during the hypothalamic-pituitary cycle causing the stimulation of the ovaries to produce what?
- Estrogen
| - Progesteron
36
During the ovarian cycle, Estrogen and progesterone are produced causing the uterus to do what?
Proliferate
37
During the ovarian cycle, when the uterus proliferates, if fertilization does not occur what happens?
The corpus luteum regresses and menstruation occurs
38
During the ovarian cycle, when he uterus proliferates, if fertilization occurs then what happens?
The corpus luteum produces some estrogen a a lot of progesterone
39
Why during the ovarian cycle, if fertilization occurs is a little estrogen but a lot of progesterone produced?
Progesterone is the hormone of pregnancy
40
How many cycles are there in the endometrial cycles?
4
41
What are the four phases of the endometrial cycle?
- Menstrual phase
- Proliferative phase
- Secretory phase
- Ischemic phase
42
During the menstrual phase which lasts 1-5 days what occurs?
Shedding of the endometrium
43
What phase of the endometrial cycle is there a period of rapid growth?
Proliferative phase
44
How long does the proliferative phase last about?
5-14 days (ovulation)
45
What does the proliferative phase depend upon?
Estrogen stimulation of from ovarian follicles
46
How long does the secretary phase last?
day of ovulation -about 3 days before menstrual cycle
47
After ovulation a larger amount of what is produced?
progesterone
48
When is edematous vascular functional endometrium apparent?
Secretory phase
49
During what phase are thick, soft, velvet secretions present?
Secretary phase
50
During what phase is a nutritive bed for a fertilized ovum present?
Secretary phase
51
The ischemic phase only takes place if what does not happen?
Fertilization
52
During the ischemic phase the corpus luteum does what?
degenerates and regresses
53
During the ischemic phase a rapid decrease in estrogen and progesterone causes arteries to spasm and what to occur?
Ischemia
54
During the ischemic phase when ischemia occurs what is happening?
Blood supply is blocked and necrosis develops
55
When blood supply is blocked and necrosis develops during the ischemic phase what happens?
Menstrual bleeding occurs marking day 1 of the next cycle
56
Peri-menopause is what time frame before menopause occurs?
2-8 years
57
When do ova slowly diminish
During peri-menopause
58
Can irregular bleeding occur during the peri-menopause phase?
Yes
59
Does the ovary stop producing estrogen in the peri-menopause phase?
yes
60
Is conception a potential concern during the peri-menopause phase?
Yes
61
Is osteoporosis a peri-menopause concern?
Yes
62
A metabolic disease characterized by decreased bone mass and an increase in bone fractures is called what?
Osteoprosis
63
Risk of hip or vertebral fracture from osteoporosis is due to what?
Decrease in estrogen, bones can't form as quick as they are deteriorating
64
What are risk factors for inadequate intake of Ca which may lead to osteoporosis?
- Inadequate intake of Ca
- Excessive Caffeine
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Smoking
- Excessive alcohol intake
65
Is the term climacteric used in reference to menopause?
Yes
66
What is the transitional phase in which the ovaries and hormonal functions decline?
Climacteric
67
What term refers to the last menstrual cycle?
Menopause
68
When is menopauses dated with certainty?
1 year without period
69
What is the age range of menopause?
35-60 commonly around 50 y/o
70
Ovary function decreases during what?
Peri-menopause
71
May menstrual cycles be irregular during the premenopausal phase?
Yes
72
When does the ovary stop producing estrogen?
Peri-menopause phase
73
Estrogen therapy (ET) and estrogen-progesterone therapy (HRT) are included in what?
Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT)
74
Entry into prenatal care within what time frame allows for initiation measures to prevent problems of treatment
12 weeks
75
What type of care includes a women's healthcare needs throughout her lifetime?
Well-women care
76
What substances cause potential health risks in childbearing years?
- Smoking
- Caffeine
- Alcohol
- Prescription drugs
- Illicit drugs such as heroin, cocaine, marijuana, etc
77
Is it an emergency if the placenta tears away (placental abruption) from the uterine wall?
YES
78
Placental abruption is a risk with the use of what illicit drug?
Cocaine
