CH. 12 Fetal development: Notes

Question 1

developing embryo is known as

Answer 1

blastocyst

Question 2

ova and sperm =?

Answer 2

zygote

Question 3

Fertilization location= ?

Answer 3

ampulla of Fallopian tubes

Question 4

X chromosome from mom, what from dad

Answer 4

x or y

Question 5

6-10 days after fertilization

Answer 5

implantation, blastocyst burrows into endometrium

Question 6

outer layer of blastocyst that develops into chorionic villi

Answer 6

trophoblast

Question 7

length of pregnancy

Answer 7

280 days / 40 weeks

Question 8

establishment of germ layers occurs

Answer 8

during pre embryonic or ovum stage/ day 1-14

Question 9

primary germ layers

Answer 9

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Question 10

all tissues and organs develop from

Answer 10

germ layers

Question 11

chorion covers

Answer 11

fetal side of placenta

Question 12

epidermis, glands, ant. pituitary systems, nails, hair, CNS and PNS develop from

Answer 12

ectoderm

Question 13

bones, teeth, skeletal muscles, smooth muscle, cardiac system, GU system

Answer 13

mesoderm

Question 14

resp, GI, liver, pancreas, urethra, bladder, vagina, and formation of roof of yolk sac

Answer 14

endoderm

Question 15

2 fetal membranes surrounding fetus

Answer 15

chorion (fetal side) and amnion (mom side)

Question 16

maintains constant temp for fetus, cushions the fetus from trauma, source of oral fluid and repository for waste, allows freedom of movement for development and symetric growth, acts as a barrier to infection, allows fetal lungs to develop

Answer 16

amniotic fluid

Question 17

Too little amniotic fluid 300 cc is oligohydramnios

Answer 17

renal abnormalities

Question 18

Too much amniotic fluid polyhydramnious(2L) can cause

Answer 18

GI abnormalities

Question 19

Transfers oxygen and nutrients to fetus

Eventually becomes part of digestive tract

Answer 19

yolk sac

Question 20

Wharton’s jelly function

Answer 20

prevents compression of vessels, ensures nourishment of embryo or fetus

Question 21

placenta in place by

Answer 21

day 17

Question 22

corpus leuteum maintains progesterone until placenta takes over, placenta develops from chorionic villi which develop into

Answer 22

branches of blood vessels

Question 23

Umbilical cord-

3 vessels

Answer 23

Vein returns blood to embryo
Arteries carry blood from embryo to chorionic villi
Covered by connective tissue

Question 24

Placental functions depend on

Answer 24

maternal blood pressure

Question 25

Early function of placenta=endocrine gland produces the hormones to

Answer 25

maintain pregnancy

Question 26

HCG reaches max level 50-70 days and then

Answer 26

decreases

Question 27

Embryonic stage day

Answer 27

15 day- 8th week

Question 28

most critical time in development of organs and external features, vulnerable to teratogens

Answer 28

Embryonic stage day 15day- 8th week

Question 29

Fetal stage:

Answer 29

9th week to delivery

Question 30

,by the end of the 8th week all organ systems and

Answer 30

external structures are present

Question 31

stage of maturation for fetus

Answer 31

fetal stage

Question 32

capacity of the fetus to surrvive outside the uterus

Answer 32

viability

Question 33

first system to develop

Answer 33

Cardiovascular System

Question 34

Tubular heart beats

Answer 34

4-5 weeks

Question 35

cardiovascular system has special circulatory pathway which bypass lungs via

Answer 35

Ductos arteriosis and | Foreamen ovale

Question 36

Primary surfactant present for survival at

Answer 36

about 32 weeks (resp system)

Question 37

35 weeks is key to fetal

Answer 37

lung maturity

Question 38

L/S ration lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio

Answer 38

2:1 to be mature

Question 39

Two umbilical arteries | One vein which

Answer 39

carries oxygen rich blood back to fetus

Question 40

Rhythmic breathing movements Ability to partially control temperature Bones are fully developed but soft and flexible

Answer 40

week 32 of fetal development

Question 41

Surfactant=detection of pulmonary surfactant in amniotic fluid is used to determine (L/S ratio is used to determine)

Answer 41

FLM

Question 42

Lecithin is the most critical alveolar surfactant required for

Answer 42

postnatal lung expansion.

Question 43

Sphingomyelin is second

Answer 43

surfactant

Question 44

At approx. 35 weeks surfactant ratio should be

Answer 44

2:1

Question 45

conditions that decrease maternal blood such as HPTN, Placental dysfunction, infection and cortiocosteroid use causes what to FLM

Answer 45

accerlate FLM

Question 46

Conditions that retard FLM =

Answer 46

gestational diabetes

Question 47

Gestation is 280 after LMP or 266 after

Answer 47

conception