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PSYC 101 > Ch. 4 Consciousness > Flashcards

Ch. 4 Consciousness Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

consciousness

A

one’s awareness of everything going around them at any given moment

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2
Q

waking consciousness

A

thoughts, feelings, sensations are clear, organized, and person is alert

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3
Q

altered state of consciousness

A

thoughts fuzzy and disorganized, less alertness, bizarre thoughts

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4
Q

What aspect of circadian rhythms might explain why we tend to feel so tired at night?

A

There is an organ in the brain (suprachiasmatic nucleus/SCN) sensitive to light changes, which then affects our sleepiness.

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5
Q

circadian rhythms

A

sleep-wake cycle that occurs over a 24-hr period, controlled by an area in the hypothalamus

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6
Q

serotonin

A
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7
Q

adaptive theory of sleep

A

animals and humans evolved sleep patterns to avoid
predators by sleeping when predators are most active

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8
Q

restorative theory of sleep

A

sleep is necessary and serves to replenish chemicals and repair cellular damage

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9
Q

Which statement is correct concerning how much sleep people need?

Men need more sleep than women.
Most young adults need between 7 and 9 hours of sleep.
Most older people need at least 10 hours.
Women need more sleep than men.

A

Most young adults need between 7 and 9 hours of sleep.

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10
Q

EEG (brain activity while sleeping)

A

beta waves–> small, fast and wide awake
alpha waves –> larger, slower, relax, drowsy
theta waves–> even larger and slower

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11
Q

NREM (non-Rapid Eye Movement)

A

deeper, more restful sleep
–first 4 stages of sleep

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12
Q

hypnagogic images

A

vivid visual elements, realistic, could be a dream, flashes of light

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13
Q

hypnopompic images

A

dreamlike image, often vivid and resembling a hallucination, sometimes accompanied by sleep paralysis, experienced by a person

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14
Q

REM

A

body temp increases, eyes move rapidly under the eyelids, heart beats faster, brain waves resemble beta waves, 90% of dreaming happens

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15
Q

sleep disorders

A

nightmares, REM behavior disorder, sleep walking/somnambulism, night terrors, insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, nocturnal leg cramps, hypersomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, enuresis

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16
Q

nightmares

A

bad dreams occurring during REM

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17
Q

REM behavior disorder

A

rare disorder where someone to move during REM and act out a dream

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18
Q

night terrors

A

extreme fear and screams or runs around during

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19
Q

insomnia

A

inability to get to sleep, stay asleep or get a good quality of sleep

psych causes: worrying, trying too hard to sleep, anxiety

physical causes: too much caffeine, indigestion, aches & pain

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20
Q

sleep apnea

A

person stops breathing for nearly half a minute, person not rested, can cause heart problems, obesity primary cause

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21
Q

narcolepsy

A

person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning

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22
Q

nocturnal leg cramps

A

painful cramps in calf or foot muscles

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23
Q

hypersomnia

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A

excessive daytime sleepiness

24
Q

circadian rhythm disorders

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A

disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle such as jet lag

25
enuresis
urinating while asleep in bed
26
manifest content
the actual dream itself
27
latent content
the hidden meaning of the dream expressed only in symbols
28
activation-synthesis hypothesis
dream is merely another kind of thinking that occurs when people sleep; less realistic and comes from memories & past experiences --> dreams are products of activity in the pons
29
activation information-mode model (AIM)
information that is accessed during the waking hrs can have an influence on the synthesis of dreams
30
hypnosis
state of consciousness in which the person is especially susceptible to suggestion
31
facts about hypnosis
-can create amnesia for whatever happens during the hypnotic session at least for a brief time -relieve pain by allowing a person to remove conscious attention from the pain -alter sensory perceptions -help people relax in situations that normally would cause them stress
32
theories of hypnosis
1. hypnosis as dissociation--the hidden observer 2. hypnosis as social role
33
major drug categories
stimulants, depressants, narcotics, hallucinogenics
34
stimulants
increase functioning of nervous system
35
depressants
decrease the functioning of nervous system
36
narcotics
opium-related drugs that suppress pain and stimulate nervous system's sites for endorphins
37
hallucinogenics
produce hallucinations or increased feeling of relaxation & intoxication
38
amphetamines
stimulant drugs that speed up messages between the brain and body
39
cocaine
drug derived from coca plant leaves; induces feelings of euphoria, energy, power, pleasure withdrawal: mood swing, tiredness, nervousness, compulsive use, loss of control, disregard for consequence of use
40
nicotine
mild but toxic stimulate, produces "rush" or sense of arousal --> raises blood pressure, accelerates the heart, stimulate release of adrenaline -used as insecticide in 1920s-1930s
41
caffeine
stimulant found in coffee, tea, other plant-based substances, chocolate, soda; helps maintain alertness and increases effectiveness of pain relievers ---> cannot make you sober
42
barbiturates/major tranquilizers
sedative effect depending on dose; highly addictive, OD can lead to death, withdrawal causes convulsions, combo w/ alcohol or other depressants are dangerous i.e. Seconal, Nembutal, Amytal
43
benzodiazepines/ minor tranquilizers
lower anxiety and reduce stress, safer than barbituates, treat sleep problems, nervousness, anxiety i.e. Valium, Xanax, Halcion, Ativan, Librium, rohypnol (date rape drug)
44
alcohol
chemical resulting from fermention or distillation of various kinds of vegetable matter --> dangers: accidents, crime, liver diseases, etc --> Korsakoff's syndrome: form of demention
45
opium
pain relieving and euphoria-inducing properties known for over 2,000 yrs --derived from opoum poppy
46
morphine
derived from opium to treat severe pain
47
heroin
derived from opoum, more addictive than morphine
48
LSD (lysergc acid diethylamide)
from grain fungus, ergot, colors more intense, sounds more beautiful, etc., very potent
49
PCP (phenyl cylohexyl piperidine)
feel no warning signal of pain --> hallucinogen, stimulant, depressant, analgesic
50
MDMA (ecstasy)
stimulatory hallucinogenics that produce a mixture of psychomotor stimulant and hallucinogenic effects --> dehydrate body, raises body temp
51
manufactured highs
LSD, PCP, MDMA
52
nonmanufactured highs
mescaline, psilocybin, marijuana
53
mescaline
button shaped 'seed' chewed to produce hallucinogenic effects which can last between 12-18 hours
54
psilocybin
hallucinogenic that causes hallucinations and an inability to discern fantasy from reality. Panic reactions and a psychotic-like episode also may occur, particularly if a user ingests a high dose ==comes from certain types of psilocybe mushrooms.
55
marijuana
from hemp plant, cannabis satia, induces feeling of well-being, mild intoxication, mild sensory distortions, hallucinations, mild euphoria, relaxation, paranoia, stimulates appetite

PSYC 101 (9 decks)

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