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Donny RAD POS l > Ch 4 elbow rough review (S1) > Flashcards

Ch 4 elbow rough review (S1) Flashcards

Exam Review (143 cards)

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1
Q

How many interphalangeal spaces are there in each digit?

A

2-5 digits have 2 spaces:
Distal interphalangeal (DIP)
Proximal interphalangeal (PIP)
Thumb has one: Interphalangeal (IP)

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2
Q

When it comes to digits what side goes on the IR?

A

1st digit- lateral
2nd digit-lateral
3rd digit- either lateral or medial
4th digit- medial
5th digit- medial
Why? these sides have the least amount of OID.

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3
Q

What are the CR for these digits projections?
PA digit:
Roberts view (AP):
Lateral digit:
Oblique:

A

PA digit: PIP joint
Oblique: PIP joint
Lateral: PIP joint
Roberts: 15 degrees toward wrist at first CMC joint

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4
Q

What are the CR for these wrist projections?
PA wrist:
Oblique wrist:
Lateral Wrist:
Scaphoid Wrist:

A

PA Wrist: Midcarpal
Oblique Wrist: Midcarpal
Lateral Wrist: Midcarpal
Scaphoid Wrist: Angle tube 15 degrees and CR at scaphoid

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5
Q

What are the CR for these hand projections?
PA hand:
Oblique Hand:
Fan Lateral Hand:
Lateral hand:
AP oblique bilateral (ball catcher)

A

PA Hand: third MCP joint
Oblique hand: Third MCP joint
Fan Lateral: Second MCP joint
Lateral Hand: 2nd to fifth MCP joints
AP bilateral: level of the fifth MCP joints

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6
Q

What are the CR for these forearm projections?
AP forearm:
Lateral Forearm:

A

AP forearm: mid-forearm
Lateral Forearm:
Mid-forearm

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7
Q

What are the CR for these elbow projections?
AP elbow:
Internal elbow:
External elbow:
Lateral elbow:

A

AP elbow: mid elbow joint
INT elbow: mid elbow joint
Ext elbow: mid elbow joint
Lateral elbow: mid elbow joint

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8
Q

(t/f) we want the joints to be parallel to the image receptor at all times?

A

true

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9
Q

What articulation do the trochlear and trochlear notch form?
A. Distal radial ulna
B. Proximal radial ulna
C. Humeral ulna
D. Humeral Radial

A

C. Humeral Ulna
Why? Because the trochlear is on: humerus
and the trochlear notch is on:
Ulna

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10
Q

What is the difference between the olecranon and the coronoid?

A

The coracoid is not a viable answer because that pertains to the shoulder.
Answer is:
Coronoid is anterior in AP view
Olecranon is posterior in AP view

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11
Q

When the elbow is in the lateral position the process of the ulna which inserts into the fossa that’s on the distal anterior aspect of the humerus is:

A

coronoid process

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12
Q

When the elbow is in the lateral position the process of the ulna which inserts into the fossa that’s on the distal posterior aspect of the humerus is:

A

Olecranon process

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13
Q

What type of joint is the elbow?

A

Ginglymus (hinge) joint

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14
Q

What type of joints are the metacarpophalangeal joints?

A

second to fifth MCP are ellipsoidal (condyloid) joints
allow movement in 4 ways:
flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
First MCP (thumb) is ellipsoidal joint with limited adduction and abduction movement

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15
Q

What type of joints are the interphalangeal joints?

A

All IP joints are ginglymus (hinge-type) joints

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16
Q

What type of joints are the first carpometacarpal joints?

A

the first CMC joint of the thumb is a saddle (Sellar) joint

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17
Q

What type of joints are the 2nd-5th carpometacarpal joints?

A

2nd-5th are plane (gliding) type joints

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18
Q

What type of joints are the radiocarpal (wrist) joints?

A

ellipsoidal (condyloid) joints

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19
Q

What type of joint is the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Pivot (trochoidal)

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20
Q

What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Pivot (trochoidal) joint

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21
Q

What type of joints are the humeroulnar and humeroradial joints?

A

ginglymus (hinge) joints

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22
Q

The epicondyles should be parallel/perpendicular for:
AP elbow:
INT elbow:
EXT elbow:
Lateral Elbow:

A

AP elbow: parallel to IR (humeral epicondyles)
Internal: oblique
External: parallel
Lateral: perpendicular

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23
Q

What would substitute for an AP elbow if patient can’t fully extend?

A

2 projections
1- forearm up against IR
2- Humerus up against the IR

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24
Q

What would use to substitute for INT/EXT elbow obliques?

A

Coyle view

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25
What does ICER stand for/ show?
IC-Internal elbow shows coronoid process ER- External elbow shows radial head
26
What does external elbow oblique best show?
radial head and neck of the radius & the capitulum of the humerus “Cap on the head”
27
What does internal elbow oblique best show?
Coronoid process of the ulna & trochlea in profile
28
What view shows fat pads?
Lateral elbow
29
What view shows the olecranon process free of superimposition?
lateral elbow
30
What view would best show the capitulum?
external elbow Why? bc the "cap" sits on the radial head.
31
Trochlear notch is on the:
Ulna And articulates with the trochlea on the humerus
32
Ulna notch is on the:
Radius
33
radial notch is on the:
Ulna
34
evaluation criteria PA fingers: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
A: Distal, middle, and proximal phalanges & distal metacarpal & associated joints P: long axis of finger should be aligned and parallel to side border of IR E: no motion no rotation CR at PIP joint
35
evaluation criteria oblique fingers: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
A: OBLIQUE VIEW OF Distal, middle, and proximal phalanges & distal metacarpal & associated joints P: IP and MCP spaces should be open, aligned to the side border of IR E: No motion/no rotation
36
evaluation criteria mediolateral/ lateromedial (lateral) fingers: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
A: lateral views of distal, middle, proximal phalanges & distal metacarpal P: finger should be in a true lateral position E: no motion/ rotation CR PIP
37
evaluation criteria thumb: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
A: distal and proximal phalanges, first metacarpal, trapezium visible P: finger in a true lateral position E: no motion/ no rotation demonstrate soft tissue margins/ clear sharp bony trabecular
38
evaluation criteria PA thumb: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
39
evaluation criteria lateral thumb: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
40
evaluation criteria AP axial (Roberts): Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
41
evaluation criteria PA hand: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
42
evaluation criteria oblique hand: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
43
evaluation criteria Fan Lateral hand: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
44
evaluation criteria AP oblique Bilateral hand: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
45
evaluation criteria AP wrist: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
46
evaluation criteria PA oblique wrist: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
(lateral wrist rotation)
47
evaluation criteria lateral wrist: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
(lateromedial rotation)
48
evaluation criteria Scaphoid view: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
(ulnar deviation)
49
evaluation criteria PA scaphoid hand elevated: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
50
evaluation criteria AP wrist radial deviation: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
51
evaluation criteria Carpal canal (tunnel) tangential inferosuperior projection wrist: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
52
evaluation criteria carpal bridge-tangential projection: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
53
evaluation criteria AP forearm: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
54
evaluation criteria Lateral Forearm: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
(Lateromedial projection)
55
evaluation criteria AP elbow: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
56
evaluation criteria AP partial elbow flexion: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
when elbow cannot be fully extended A: humerus parallel projection shows distal humerus forearm parallel shows proximal radius and ulna P: two AP projections forearm/humerus parallel E: no motion no rotation
57
evaluation criteria external elbow: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
A: Best shows radial head and neck of radius and capitulum of the humerus, tuberosity free of superimposition P: 45 degrees lateral oblique E: no motion no rotation
58
evaluation criteria internal elbow: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
A: best shows coronoid process of ulna and trochlea in profile P: rotated 45 degrees medially E: no motion no rotation
59
evaluation criteria lateral elbow: Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
A: soft tissues, fat pads, olecranon process, distal forearm, and proximal forearm P: elbow joint flexed 90 degrees E: no motion no rotation
60
evaluation criteria trauma axial elbow (coyle): Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
(coyle)
61
evaluation criteria radial head elbow (lateromedial): Anatomy demonstrated: Position: Exposure:
(lateromedial elbow)
62
What does mediolateral mean? What does lateromedial mean?
projection of medial side to lateral Projection of lateral to medial side
63
AP Axial projection also known as:
modified Roberts method
64
AP oblique Bilateral projection is also known as:
Ball catchers position
65
Lateral hand flexion position means: Lateral hand extension position means:
flexion: C (or crab position) of hand Extension: hands in lateral closed fingers and straightforward
66
First Coyle view:
Hand pronated Elbow flexed 90 degrees CR directed 45 angle toward shoulder at mid elbow joint
67
Second Coyle view:
Hand pronated elbow flexed 80 degrees CR angled 45 degrees from shoulder CR mid elbow joint
68
When do we do the Coyle view? What are the angles for these views?
special projections for pathological processes or trauma to radial head or coronoid process of ulna
69
what oblique would best display radial head?
External elbow oblique
70
What oblique best displays the capitulum?
External elbow oblique
71
What position will separate the radial head and neck from the tuberosity of the ulna?
external and if that's not an option then lateral
72
What does the ulna articulate with laterally?
radius
73
Where is the radial tuberosity located?
toward the head/neck of radius
74
What are the 4 carpal bones in the proximal row?
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform
75
What are the 4 carpal bones in the distal row?
Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
76
What does proximal vs distal mean?
77
what does medial vs lateral mean?
78
What would the radius articulate with distally? (distal articulation)
Scaphoid and lunate carpal bones
79
The capitulum is part of what bone?
(proximal/distal)
80
When do we see the radial crossover in the forearm?
PA forearm (pronated) which we don't want so that's why we do AP to avoid ulna and radius crossover
81
Flexing the arm in a 90 degree position would be:
lateral
82
position vs projection ex 5th digit:
position: the 5th digit is medially on the IR Projection: 5th digit is lateromedial
83
If there is an anterior posterior fracture of a displaced radius, what view would it be best displayed on?
Lateral (AP would not show this type of fracture because they are superimposed)
84
if there is a lateral fracture of the bone what view would best display this?
AP view (lateral wouldn't show this)
85
What bone does the third metacarpal articulate with?
86
What does the first carpal (scaphoid) bone articulate with? First lateral proximal carpal
medially: laterally: proximally: distally: First lateral proximal row carpal
87
What does the second carpal (Lunate) bone articulate with? Second lateral proximal carpal
medially: laterally: proximally: distally: Second lateral proximal row carpal
88
What does the third carpal (triquetrum) bone articulate with? Second medial proximal carpal
medially: laterally: proximally: distally: Second medial proximal row carpal
89
What does the fourth carpal (pisiform) bone articulate with? First medial proximal carpal
medially: laterally: proximally: distally: First medial proximal row carpal
90
What does the fifth carpal (Trapezium) bone articulate with? First lateral distal row carpal
medially: laterally: proximally: distally: First lateral distal row carpal
91
What does the sixth carpal (Trapezoid) bone articulate with? Second lateral distal row carpal
medially: laterally: proximally: distally: Second lateral distal row carpal
92
What does the seventh carpal (capitate) bone articulate with? Second medial distal row carpal
medially: laterally: proximally: distally: Second medial distal row carpal
93
What does the eighth carpal (hamate) bone articulate with? first medial distal row carpal
medially: laterally: proximally: distally: first medial distal row carpal
94
What is the pneumonic for carpal bones?
SLTPTTCH Some lovers try positions that they can't handle
95
what view demonstrates the scaphoid best?
Scaphoid wrist view
96
What is best demonstrated in a fan lateral?
the phalanges why? bc the rest is superimposed
97
what are the views for the thumb? what is the special view?
special: thumb
98
what are the views for wrist?
AP Wrist Oblique Wrist Lateral Wrist Scaphoid Wrist
99
What are the views for hand?
PA hand Oblique hand Fan Lateral hand
100
What are the views for forearm?
AP forearm Lateral forearm
101
What are the views for elbow?
AP elbow Internal Oblique elbow External Oblique elbow Lateral elbow
102
What view do we use when we are looking for arthritis?
103
What view best looks for carpal tunnel syndrome?
Gaynor hart method best shows the calcification of the carpal sulcus
104
What is the second carpal bone in the lateral side of the distal row?
trapezoid
105
What is the second carpal bone in the lateral side of the proximal row?
Lunate
106
What is the first carpal bone in the lateral side of the proximal row?
Scaphoid
107
What is the second carpal bone in the medial side of the distal row?
capitate
108
What is the first carpal bone in the medial side of the proximal row?
pisiform
109
What view best displays the hook of the hamate?
Gaynor heart position 25-30 degrees long axis of hand, CR 1 inch distal to the base of the third metacarpal
110
Osteoporosis:
reduction in the quantity of bone or atrophy
111
Osteopetrosis:
hereditary disease mark by abnormally dense bone
112
Osteomyelitis:
local/generalized infection of bone bacteria by trauma/surgery
113
Paget Disease:
common chronic skeletal disease characterized by bone destruction caused by a reparative process of overproduction of soft very dense bones that fracture easily
114
Rheumatoid arthritis:
Chronic system disease of inflammatory changes through the connective tissues
115
Skier's Thumb:
a sprain/tear of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb (near the MCP joint of hyperextended thumb)
116
Tumors:
usually benign, can be cancerous CT/mri best for imaging
117
Multiple Myeloma:
most common type of bone cancer affects ages 40-70 usually fatal within a few years
118
Osteogenic sarcoma:
second most common bone cancer affects ages 10-20
119
Ewing Sarcoma:
common bone cancer of children and young adults that derives from bone marrow
120
Chondrosarcoma:
slow growing bone cancer of the cartilage
121
Colles fracture:
Distal fragment displaced posteriorly Transverse fracture of distal radius 50-60% of the time there is a ulna styloid fracture
122
Smiths fracture:
distal fragment displaced anteriorly transverse fracture of distal radius opposite of Colles fracture
123
Boxer's fracture:
transverse fracture extends through the metacarpal neck most commonly in the fifth metacarpal name derives from bar fights
124
Bennetts fracture:
fracture of the base of the first metacarpal
125
Barton's fracture:
fracture & dislocation of posterior lip of the distal radius involving wrist joint
126
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
possible calcification in carpal sulcus, enlargement of wrist ligaments & median nerve compression Best view: Gaynor heart/ PA-lateral wrist
127
Joint Effusion
Fluid filled joint cavity Best view: AP/lateral
128
Osteoarthritis
narrowing of joint space with periosteal growths
129
Things to focus on this exam:
55 questions
130
Make a quizlet test with pictures of anatomy, best views, fractures, diseases,
131
Make flashcards that put emphasis on anatomy demonstrated (boxes at the bottom of page) make sure to try and visualize the x-ray
132
What is the best projection to rule out a Bennetts fracture of the digits?
AP axial projection aka Roberts view (Base of first metacarpal is demonstrated for ruling out)
133
Criteria for finger: IR size Kvp range Markers CR SID
8 x 10 inches 60 kvp Hand of interest (R or L) and # of digit PIP joint in hand 40”
134
Criteria for hand: IR size Technique Markers CR SID
10 x 12 inches 60 kvp Hand of interest (R or L) Third MCP Second MCP for fan lateral Fifth metacarpals for ball catchers
135
Criteria for wrist: IR size SID CR Technique Markers
8 x 10 inches 40 inches Mid-carpal CR is scaphoid for a scaphoid projection 60 kvp Side of interest (R or L)
136
Criteria for forearm: IR size SID CR Technique Markers
11 x 14 inches for small patients 14 x 17 for longer forearms 40" SID CR mid forearm joiel: 60 textbook: 70 kvp Side of interest (R or L)
137
Criteria for elbow: IR size SID CR Technique Markers
10 x 12 inches 40" CR is mid elbow joint 70 kvp side of interest (R or L)
138
What position do we use for patients that can't lay there fingers flat?
Ball catcher position aka Bilateral hand
139
What replaces AP forearm?
Humerus parallel Forearm parallel Bc Patient can’t extend
140
What replaces internal and external elbow?
Coyle view (2 projections) 45 degree CR 1st 90 degree flex replaces 1st 80 degree flex replaces
141
What are the 3 fat pads?
Anterior & ( anterior to distal humerus) Posterior fats pads (posterior distal humerus, near olecranon) Supinator fat stripe (anteriorly to proximal radius)
142
Coyle views 1st
Hand pronated 90 degree flex 45 degree CR towards shoulder Best shows radial head/capitulum Replaces external
143
Coyle view 2nd
Replaces internal 80 degree flex 45 degree CR Hand pronated Shows coronoid and trochlea

Donny RAD POS l (9 decks)

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