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Donny RAD POS l > Ch 5 Shoulder General, Jeopardy, exam Review (S1) > Flashcards

Ch 5 Shoulder General, Jeopardy, exam Review (S1) Flashcards

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1
Q

How many fossa’s on the scapula?
What are the names?

A

4
Supraspinous fossa (superior, posterior)
Infraspinous fossa (inferior, posterior)
Subscapular fossa (ventral/anterior)
Glenoid fossa (lateral, anterior)

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2
Q

What does the acromioclavicular joint articulate with?

A

Clavicle & acromion

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3
Q

What does the sternoclavicular joint articulate with?

A

clavicle & sternum

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4
Q

What is the medial extremity?

A

Sternal extremity
(Near SC joint)

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5
Q

What is the lateral extremity?

A

Acromial extremity
(Near AC joint)

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6
Q

Deep grove between the two tubercles?

A

Intertubercular groove
(Bicipital groove)

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7
Q

What does the sternal extremity articulate with?

A

Manubrium
(A part of the sternum)

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8
Q

What gender has shorter and less curved clavicles?

A

Females
Men’s is thicker and more curved
More muscles = more curve

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9
Q

What are the 3 borders of the scapula?

A

Superior border
Axillary (lateral) border
Vertebral (medial) border

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10
Q

What are the angles of the scapula?

A

Superior angle
Inferior angle

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11
Q

What fossa are on the dorsal side of the scapula?

A

Supraspinous fossa (which is superior)
Infraspinous fossa (which is inferior)

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12
Q

What are the fossa on the costal side of the scapula?

A

Subscapular fossa

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13
Q

On the Y view of the shoulder, what is shown on the scapula?

A

Coracoid process (right side)
Acromion (left side)
Inferior angle
Spine of scapula
Body of scapula

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14
Q

What is the costal surface of the scapula?

A

The anterior side
Aka ventral

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15
Q

What is the dorsal side of the scapula?

A

The posterior side

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16
Q

What kind of joint is the scapulohumeral (glenohumeral) joint?
What is another name for this joint?

A

Ball or socket
Spherodial

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17
Q

AC and SC joints are what type?
What is another name for this joint?

A

Plane
Or
Gliding

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18
Q

The mobility type for the SC, AC, and scapulohumeral joint are:

A

Freely moveable
Or
Diarthrodial

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19
Q

What rotation best shows the greater tubercle?

A

External rotation

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20
Q

What rotation best shows the lesser tubercle?

A

Internal rotation

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21
Q

For external rotation how is the hand?

A

Supinated

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22
Q

How are the epicondyles on a external rotation?

A

Parallel to the IR

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23
Q

How is the humerus in a external rotation?

A

AP

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24
Q

How is the hand in a internal rotation?

A

Pronated

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25
How is the humerus in an internal rotation?
Humerus is lateral
26
How are the epicondyles in an internal rotation?
Perpendicular to the IR
27
How is the hand in a neutral rotation?
Palm facing inward (palm to thigh)
28
How are the epicondyles in a neutral rotation?
Oblique 45 degrees to the IR
29
What is the CR for AP humerus?
mid-humerus
30
What is the CR for Lateral humerus?
mid-humerus
31
What is the CR for Internal Shoulder?
1 inch inferior to coracoid process
32
What is the CR for Grashey?
35-45 degree LPO/RPO patient oblique 2 inches inferior 2 inches medially from supralateral border of shoulder
33
What is the CR for a Y shoulder view? Neer view?
45-60 degrees LAO/RAO patient oblique to affected side Y: at scaphoid-humeral joint Neer: 10-15 degrees caudad
34
What is the CR for an Axillary shoulder? (Superiorinferior)
Scapulohumeral joint
35
What is the CR for a transthoracic lateral?
surgical neck
36
CR for AP Clavicle: CR for AP axial clavicle:
AP: mid-clavicle AP-axial: 15-30 degrees cephalic (25-30 degrees asthenic) (15-20 for hypersthenic)
37
CR for AC joints:
1 inch above jugular notch, mid-point AC joints 72 Inch SID 2 views (one with weights, one without)
38
Why or when do we do the neutral rotation?
In trauma cases when the patient is unable to rotate
39
What imaging is useful for shoulder joints and rotator cuff tears?
Ultrasound
40
What is the Hill-Sachs defect?
A compression fx of the humeral head Located posterolateral on articulated surface
41
What is idiopathic chronic adhesive capsulitis?
Frozen shoulder Caused by chronic inflammation around the shoulder joint Pain and limited movement
42
What is osteoarthritis?
Degenerative joint disease Non-inflammatory Gradual deterioration Most common arthritis and normal due to age
43
What is Osteopetrosis?
Causes bone to become abnormal dense Hereditary disease
44
What a rotator cuff injury?
Acute or chronic trauma injury to the rotator cuff muscles: Tere’s minor Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Subcapularis
45
What is a shoulder dislocation?
Removal of humeral head from glenoid cavity 95% of dislocations are anterior
46
Radiograph visuals osteoarthritis:
Narrowing of joint space
47
Radiograph visuals hill-sachs defect:
Compression fx of humeral head
48
Radiograph visuals impingement syndrome:
Bone spurs near acromiohumeral space
49
Radiograph visuals idiopathic chronic adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder):
Possible calcification
50
Radiograph visuals shoulder dislocation:
Humeral head out of the glenoid cavity
51
Criteria for AP humerus
External rotation Abduct arm, Hand supinated CR mid humerus 48” SID IR 14 x 17 70kvp _mAs Include both joints (shoulder and elbow) Epicondyles parallel to IR
52
Criteria for lateral humerus
Internal rotation Hand pronated placed on hip CR mid humerus IR 14 x 17 SID 48” 70 kvp mAs Include shoulder and elbow joint Epicondyles perpendicular to IR
53
What is the trauma projection for lateral humerus?
Transthoracic lateral humerus (Shoot through the body)
54
Criteria for transthoracic lateral projection (trauma lateral humerus)
Opposite arm on top of head Humerus in profile place in a neutral rotation CR: surgical neck 48” SID IR size 14 x 17 exposure on full inspiration 70 kvp
55
Criteria for inferosuperior axial projection:
Supine 48” SID CR 25 to 30 degrees medially from supralateral border
56
Criteria for Grashey:
48" SID CR is 2 inches inferior 2 inches medial to the supralateral border of the shoulder 70 kvp 10 x 12 portrait patient rotated 35-45 degrees toward affected side (LPO/RPO) shows glenoid cavity EXT markers
57
Criteria for internal shoulder:
hand pronated CR 1 inch inferior to coracoid SID 48" 70 KVP shows lesser tubercle INT markers
58
Criteria for Y view shoulder:
patient rotated 45-60 degrees toward affected side (LAO/RAO) 48" SID 10 x 12 portrait CR is scapulohumeral joint
59
Criteria for Neer method Y view:
patient rotated 45-60 degrees toward affected side (LAO/RAO) 48" SID 10 x 12 portrait CR is mid-scapula 10-15 degrees caudad
60
Criteria for AP clavicle:
61
(Exam review) Colles vs smiths vs boxer fx
62
(Jeopardy) What position is the greater tubercle superimposed over the humeral head?
Internal rotation
63
(Jeopardy) When performing the west point projection this is free of superimposition?
Coracoid process
64
(Jeopardy) The scapular notch is located on what part of the scapula?
Superior border
65
(Jeopardy) Other than getting both AC joints on one image what is another reason we do 72 SID?
reduce magnification and distortion
66
(Jeopardy) To prevent the medial aspect of clavicles from superimposing the spine in the Grashey we would:
Oblique the patient rotate the patient to the affected side
67
(Jeopardy) Why do we add weights to the AC joint projection?
to separate the joint spaces (weight add stress and allow the shoulders to "naturally" fall)
68
(Jeopardy) What projection has the CR at 2 inches inferior and 2 inches medially (from axilla) to the coracoid process?
Grashey
69
(Jeopardy) You would use this CR on a asthenic patient when performing an Axial Clavicle exam?
25-30 degrees (15-20 degrees for larger "hyperstenic" patients)
70
(Jeopardy) (most likely test question) What is the CR for a transthoracic lateral projection?
surgical neck (on the humerus in profile)
71
(Jeopardy) Where do the medial and lateral borders of the scapula meet?
at the inferior angle
72
(Jeopardy) Medial aspect of the clavicle is called?
Sternal extremity (end)
73
(Jeopardy) What is the CR for an Axial AC joint projection?
15 degrees cephalic (15-30 degrees cephalic 1 inch above jugular notch)
74
(Jeopardy) What is the dislocation of the radial head called?
Nurse maid's jerked elbow or Pulled elbow
75
(Jeopardy) The scapula is required to be in this position for the Neer method?
scapula needs to be lateral perpendicular to IR
76
(Jeopardy) (most likely test question) What is the flattened triangular part on the scapula?
Acromion
77
(Jeopardy) What is the CR for an axial clavicle when the patient is erect?
15-30 degrees cephalic see under clavicles (we want to replicate a lordotic view)
78
(Jeopardy) The AC joints is the articulation of what parts?
Scapula (acromion) & Clavicle
79
(Jeopardy) What is the other name for a ball and socket?
Spheroidal
80
(Jeopardy) What is the name of the larger depression on the anterior surface of the scapula?
subscapular fossa
81
(Jeopardy) What type of fractures force the splinted pieces through the skin?
Open or compound fx
82
(Jeopardy) How many joints in the clavicle? What are the names?
2 joints AC (acromioclavicular joint) SC (sternoclavicular joint)
83
(Jeopardy) This is the only bony articulation between the upper extremity and the torso:
Sternoclavicular joint (SC joint)
84
(Jeopardy) Another name for the lateral border of the scapula:
Axillary border
85
(Jeopardy) The AC joint is what joint classification?
Plane or gliding
86
(Jeopardy) The SC joint is what type of joint?
Plane or gliding
87
(Jeopardy) What is the CR for the NEER view?
Mid-scapula 15 degrees caudad
88
(Exam Review) What is abduction?
moving limb away from mid-line of your body
89
(Exam Review) What is adduction?
moving a limb toward the mid-line of your body (adduction= adding body part)
90
(Exam Review) Where is the supraspinous fossa located?
superior portion of the dorsal surface of the scapula (supra= superior)
91
(Exam Review) Where is the subscapular fossa located?
on the costal surface (anterior) of the scapula
92
(Exam Review) Where is the infraspinous fossa located?
on the inferior portion of the dorsal (posterior) surface of the scapula
93
(Exam Review) What fossa is located on the distal posterior aspect of the humerus?
Olecranon fossa
94
(Exam Review) What fossa is located on the distal anterior aspect of the humerus?
Coronoid fossa
95
(Exam Review) What does extension mean? EX: Humerus (what projection)
straightening movement AP humerus extends humerus forward (opposite of the flexion)
96
(Exam Review) What does flexion mean? EX: Humerus
bending a joint/movement Lateral Humerus causes internal rotation that flexes the arm (bicep flex)
97
(Exam Review) In an AP humerus, is the humerus flexed or extended? What is the rotation of the AP humerus?
extended external rotation
98
(Exam Review) What rotation shows the lesser tubercle in profile?
Internal rotation/projection
99
(Exam Review) What projection causes the greater tubercle to be in profile?
Grashey External rotation
100
(Exam Review) if the epicondyles are parallel to the IR what is in profile?
greater tubercle
101
(Exam Review) When the epicondyles are parallel to the IR what is the rotation?
External rotation
102
(Exam Review) if the epicondyles are perpendicular to the IR what anatomy is in profile?
lesser tubercle
103
(Exam Review) If the epicondyles are perpendicular to the IR what is the rotation?
Internal rotation
104
(Exam Review) What does GELI stand for?
GE - greater tubercle/ external rotation LI - Lesser tubercle/ internal rotation
105
(Exam Review) What is a colles fx?
radius and ulna go anterior distal part goes posterior
106
(Exam Review) What is a boxers fx?
fx of the fifth metacarpal (trauma common from fights)
107
(Exam Review) What is a smiths fx?
radius and ulna go posterior distal part goes anterior
108
(Exam Review) What is a rotator cuff tear?
a traumatic injury to the rotator cuff muscles
109
(Exam Review) What does the criteria look like for a inferosuperior projection?
patient supine CR 25-30 degrees horizontal to axilla and humeral head
110
(Exam Review) what consists in the shoulder girdle?
Clavicle Scapula NOT HUMERUS
111
(Exam Review) What is the internal shoulder positioning?
abduct arm slightly pronate arm (internally rotate arm) epicondyles perpendicular to IR CR 1 inch inferior to coracoid process
112
External shoulder positioning
abduct arm slights hand supinated (externally rotate arm) epicondyles parallel to IR CR 1 inch inferior to coracoid process?
113
(Exam Review) What does the Grashey positioning look like?
patients body rotated 35 to 45 degrees toward affected side (RPO vs LPO) abduct arm slightly with arm flexed in external rotation CR is 2 inferior and 2 inches medial to coracoid epicondyles parallel to the IR
114
(Exam Review) (most likely test question) What is an alternative to the breathing technique of a transthoracic? (proximal humerus)
Tell the patient to hold there breath to expose on full inspiration
115
(Exam Review) LPO/RPO oblique 45 degree angle (35-45), projection is
Grashey
116
(Exam Review) RAO/LAO 45 degree oblique (45-60), with a 10-to-15-degree caudad tube angle projection is
Neer method of the Y view
117
(Exam Review) For internal rotation how is the hand?
Pronated
118
(Exam Review) If you are working in the ED and the patient comes in with severe abdominal and shoulder pain he or she is unable to stand for the upright projections and you have positioned the patient for a shoulder projection with the humeral epicondyles parallel to the IR with the CR being 1 Inches inferior to the coracoid. This projection would be?
External or AP (keyword to this is the epicondyle placement)
119
(Exam Review) your patient is in a 45-degree posterior oblique position with the affected side closest to the IR. The humeral epicondyles are parallel to the image receptor. CR is 2 inches inferior and 2 inches medial to the supralateral border of the shoulder. Which view would this be?
Grashey (hint is the CR and epicondyles)
120
(Exam Review) how is the scapula in the supraspinatus view (Neer/Y) to the IR?
perpendicular to the IR (because of the oblique)
121
(Exam Review) what projections causes the greater tubercle to be in profile?
External rotation
122
(Exam Review) what is a rotator cuff tear?
traumatic injury to one or more of the rotator cuff muscles
123
(Exam Review) (T/F) we use a breathing technique for transthoracic lateral projection
True
124
(Exam Review) What is the CR for transthoracic?
surgical neck (or mid-diaphysis)
125
(Exam Review) For external rotation how is the hand?
Supinated
126
(Exam Review) CR for Axial clavicle
mid clavicle 15 to 30 degrees cephalad hyperstenic 15-20 degrees asthenic 25 to 30 degrees
127
(Exam Review) how many projections for AC joint?
2 projections one without weights (WOW) one with weight bearing 14x17 inches landscape
128
(Exam Review) what do we do for a better divergent beam on AC joints to include both joints?
72 inch SID
129
(Exam Review) what does inferosuperior axillary projection best show? (pathology)
Hill-Sachs defect osteopetrosis/osteoartritus
130
(Exam Review) Inferosuperior axillary position is also known as the (most likely on exam)
west point projection
131
(Exam Review) Where is the subscapular fossa located?
middle area of costal (front) surface of scapula
132
(Exam Review) where is the infraspinous fossa located?
on the inferior portion of the dorsal surface of scapula
133
(Exam Review) where is the supraspinous fossa located?
on the superior portion of the dorsal surface of the scapula
134
(Exam Review) Where is the crest of spine located?
on the dorsal (posterior) surface of the scapula in between the 2 Fossas (supraspinous and infraspinous) extends from acromion to vertebral border on dorsal surface
135
(Exam Review) Where is the glenoid fossa located?
located between the scapula and humerus (glenoid cavity)
136
(Exam Review) Where is the radial fossa located?
distal anterior of the humerus superior to the capitulum
137
(Exam Review) When is the lesser tubercle seen in profile?
internal rotation/projection
138
(Exam Review) When is the greater tubercle seen in profile?
external rotation Grashey projection
139
(Exam Review) If epicondyles are parallel to IR what tubercle is in profile? What is the rotation?
Greater tubercle external rotation
140
(Exam Review) If the epicondyles are perpendicular to the IR what tubercle is in profile? What is the rotation?
lesser tubercle internal rotation
141
(Exam Review) inferosuperior projection is also known as:
the west point projection
142
(Exam Review) What do we see in profile on a west point/inferosuperior projection:
coracoid process (most important) lesser tubercle proximal humerus glenoid cavity
143
(Exam Review) T/F we use a breathing technique for transthoracic projections for the ribs? If we are unable to do the technique what else could we do?
TRUE Have the patient hold their breath/expose on full inspiration
144
(Exam Review) CR for transthoracic:
surgical neck
145
(Exam Review) how many degrees do we oblique for a Grashey projection?
35-45 degrees toward affected side (patient rotation) RPO or LPO
146
(Exam Review) How much do we oblique the patient for a Neer view?
45-60 degrees toward affected side (patient oblique) LAO or RAO 10–15-degree caudad angle
147
(Exam Review) if the patient is in a 45 degree LPO oblique what are we looking at?
glenoid cavity Grashey projection
148
(Exam Review) For humerus, if the hand is pronated the humerus is what rotation? how are the epicondyles?
internal rotation perpendicular to the IR
149
(Exam Review) For the humerus if the hand is supinated how are the epicondyles? What is the rotation?
parallel to the IR external rotation
150
(Exam Review) In a supraspinatous view (Y or Neer) how is the scapula to the IR?
perpendicular to the IR (the oblique makes is perpendicular to the IR)
151
(Exam Review) What is inferior to the bicipital groove/ intertubercular groove?
surgical neck
152
(Exam Review) What is superior to the bicipital groove/ intertubercular groove?
greater tubercle
153
(Exam Review) What is medial to the bicipital groove/ intertubercular groove?
lesser tubercle
154
(Exam Review) what is superior to the anatomic neck?
head of the humerus
155
(Exam Review) What is inferior to the surgical neck?
Deltoid tuberosity
156
(Exam Review) What is most inferior/anterior: the coracoid process or the acromion?
coracoid
157
(Exam Review) Where is the inferior angles of the scapula located?
at the most inferior portion of the scapula (where the medial and lateral borders meet)
158
(Exam Review) Where is the superior angle of the scapula located?
Superior angle is medial and most superior
159
(Exam Review) What are the angles of the scapula?
superior angle inferior angle Lateral angle
160
(Exam Review) What are the borders of the scapula?
superior border Axillary (lateral) border (armpit) Vertebral (medial) border (closest to spine)
161
(Exam Review) where is the scapular notch located?
superior border of the scapula between coracoid and superior angle
162
(Exam Review) The scapula spine extends laterally into a flat triangle shape process known as what?
Acromion
163
(Exam Review) inferosuperior axillary postition is what projection we do at Mayo?
Axillary shoulder (Mayo is superiorinferior projection)
164
(Exam Review) In the inferosuperior projection we look at: In the superiorinferior projection we look at:
Inferior: Coracoid process superior (Mayo): acromion
165
(Exam Review) Where is the AC joint located?
between the Acromion and clavicle
166
(Exam Review) Where is the SC joint located?
between the sternum and clavicle
167
(Exam Review) whats the CR for a neer view?
Mid-scapula (10-15 degrees caudad)
168
(Exam Review) What's the CR for internal shoulder?
1 inch below coracoid
169
(Exam Review) What's the angle we use for axial clavicle?
15-30 degrees cephalic 25-30 degrees asthenic 15-20 hypersthenic
170
(Exam Review) if you can't angle for an AP axial clavicle you can position the patient in:
Lordotic position
171
(Exam Review) what tubercle is in profile on a lateral humerus? How are the epicondyles?
Less tubercle Epicondyles perpendicular to IR/superimposed

Donny RAD POS l (9 decks)

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