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philosophy > ch 4- judaism > Flashcards

ch 4- judaism Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

The words Judaism, Jewish, Jew, derive from the name

A

Judah

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2
Q

Israel

A

name given to Jacob after he had a religious encounter

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3
Q

levant

A

The area along the
Mediterranean between
Egypt and Mesopotamia

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4
Q

covenants

A

(legal agreements,
contracts) between God and his people

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5
Q

adam

A

God makes an agreement with Adam, Adam breaks it

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6
Q

Noah

A

Only Noah’s faithful family saved from a flood
* Covenant made with Noah after the flood ensured
Yahweh would not wipe out human race again

  • Agreement “signed” with the rainbow
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7
Q

Abraham

A

After Noah’s descendants for get Him, God

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8
Q

El Shaddai

A

another word for God

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9
Q

The Patriarchs:

A

The “fathers” of
Judaism

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10
Q

isaac

A

Abraham’s son (and
near-sacrifice)

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11
Q

jacob

A

Abraham’s
grandson and father of
twelve sons who became
the fathers of the twelve
tribes of Israel

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12
Q

moses

A

chosen by God to bring the Hebrews out of Egypt

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13
Q

Another word for God in Judaism is ….

A

Yahweh

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14
Q

how does Yahweh talk to moses

A

through a burning bush and sends him back to lead the hebrews out of Egypt

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15
Q

The Exodus

A
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16
Q

Ark of the covenant

A

where Yahweh rested to comfort the jews

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17
Q

three covenants

A

With Noah- signed by God with the rainbow
With Abraham- signed by Abraham and his descendants with circumcision
With moses- signed by the Hebrews following the law (sacrifice, purity, regulation, kosher)

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18
Q

who leads the Hebrews across the river Jordan on the invasion and conquest of Canaan?

A

Joshua

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19
Q

David

A

Second king. Great military leader.

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20
Q

Solomon

A

Third king, one of david’s sons (he is not the oldest)
Solomon builds a temple where yahweh’s presences and the ark of the covenant are located, beginning the first temple period of Judaism

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21
Q

after Solomon, the land splits into ___ and ____

A

Israel and Judah

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22
Q

those sent into exile and lost forever are called ___

A

the 10 lost tribes of Israel

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23
Q

Those left behind by the Assyrians continue to worship Yahweh and eventually become the _____ of Jesus’ day

A

Samaritans

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24
Q

The exile

A
  • When the Persians conquered Babylon in 539 BCE,
    they allowed the Jews to return home from
    Babylon if they wanted to
  • Some Jews stayed in Babylon

the exile is basically the beginning of the diaspora

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25
Diaspora
The scattering of the Jewish people all over the world
26
Judaism was influenced by the Persian religion of
Zoroastrianism
27
founder of Zoroastrianism
zoraster
28
What do insiders call Zoroastrianism?
Mazdayasna(worship) or Behdin (best religion)
29
Because its members (from Zoroastrianism) now mostly live in India, its adherents are often called
Parsees ... which actually refers to their ethnicity
30
Zoroastrianism believers believe that there are ___ God/s named _____
one true God named Ahura Mazda
31
Traditional Jewish divine figures begin to be understood as the allies of God or Satan
in other words, angels or demons
32
Ahura Mazda is opposed by an evil lesser divine being named ...
Ahriman
33
And some within judaism look towards a day when God will send a __ to destroy his enemies as an ____
messiah , endtime warrior
34
final codification of the first part of jewish scripture is known as ___
The Deuteronomistic revision
35
list the Deuteronomistic revision (the rewritten part of the story)
1. God makes a covenant with his people 2. Jews stray from God 3. God sends prophets to warn the jews 4. The jews refuse to listen to the prophets and repent 5. God revokes the covenant and punishes the Jews 6. The jews repent
36
King Antiochus IV decided to speed up the process of making the Jews into good Greeks by prohibiting Jewish practices and by installing Zeus worship in the Temple resulting in the ____
Maccabean revolt
37
But according to the historian Josephus, there were four sects in Judaism at this time with different perspectives on what it meant to be Jewish
1) Pharisees – Willing to accommodate Greco-Roman culture (to a point); accepted oral Torah and the resurrection of the dead, Heaven and Hell, etc, * 2) Sadducees – Connected to the Temple priests and roman rulers; rejected the oral Torah and resurrection of the dead, Heaven and Hell, etc. * 3) Essenes – Separated from conventional Judaism in the desert to await the intervention of God or His Messiah(s), living lives of ritual purity * 4) Zealots – Political revolutionaries
38
first roman war
Destruction of the Temple in 70 CE * End of the Second Temple Period
39
second roman war
Jews dispersed throughout the Mediterranean area by the Romans
40
___ are places of worship
synagogues
41
__ , who were teachers, become priests
rabbis
42
Also, the canon of Jewish scripture was determined and followers of Jesus, ____, were excluded from Judaism
nazarenes
43
The effort to find a home for the Jewish people is called
Zionism
44
kosher and circumcision
45
sacrifice, kosher, and circumcision
46
second temple
47
The 24 books of the Tanak are in the ..
1. law (torah ) 2. Prophets ( Nevi'im) 3. Writings (Ketuvim)
48
the law is also ...
the torah
49
a prophet is also called __ in Judaism
Nevi'im
50
The writings in Judaism is also called
Ketuvim
51
Talmud
The “oral” Torah, or the instruction given to Moses at Mt. Sinai but passed on orally for centuries before finally being written down
52
orthodox
Strict followers of traditional Jewish Law * Absolutely no working on the Sabbath and absolute conformity to kosher * Segregate men and women from each other in worship
53
reform
* A modern and modernizing movement within Judaism * Emphasizes Jewish ethical tradition over the obligations of Jewish Law * Politically progressive and oriented towards social justice * Believes that Jewish scripture is man-made and can be read in the local language instead of Hebrew
54
conservative
* Seen as between Reform and Orthodox * Allowing for some modifications of traditional laws, but insist on keeping such traditional customs as kosher and prohibit marriage with non-Jews
55
reconstructionist
* A modern movement which abandons many of the traditional Jewish beliefs including the existence of a personal, creator god and the requirement that one follow traditional Jewish law
56
Israelite religion was ___ centered on the worship of Yahweh
Henotheistically
57
El
* A supreme god common across the ancient Middle East * His name comes to mean “god” or “God”
58
asherah
* El’s consort * A mother/fertility goddess related to Ishtar * Later adopted as Yahweh’s consort
59
Ba'al
* God of rain, fertility * His name comes to mean “Lord” * The God to whom the ancient Israelites turned when they lost faith in Yahweh
60
Moloch
* An evil god who demands child sacrifice
61
shemesh
literally, sun
62
yam
literally, sea
63
mot
literally, death
64
Elohim
literally the gods (plural), but usually translated as God (singular)
65
YHWH Elohim
often translated as LORD God, but might literally mean “YHWH of the gods”
66
an era of perfect peace called ___
the world to come
67
three types of the messiah
1. a prophet like moses (a prophetic or religious messiah) 2. a king like David (a political or military Messiah) 3. an end times warrior (an eschatological or apocalyptic Messiah)
68
What is the jew law?
following Kosher food regulations and also male circumcision
69
some jew practices. Rosh Hashanah is ...
new years
70
another jew practice. Yom Kippur is...
day of atonement
71
Hanukkah
- lights - commemorate the redidcation of the temple after the maccabbean revolt
72
purim
lots - commemorates esteher's salvation of the jews from Haman in persia
73
first prayer said at services is the
shema
74
what is bar mitzvah?
When a boy is 13 - Literally means son of the commandment so it really refers to the boy, not the ceremony Bat mitzahs for girls
75
Noachide covenant
*Worship God and follow his few commandments
76
Abrahamic covenant
In exchange for the Promised Land, show the world how to properly worship the one God
77
what is the mosaic covenant ?
*In exchange for the Promised land, show the world how to properly worship the one God by following his many commandments
78
prophetic tradition
*Performing mandated worship practices to the one God means nothing without taking care of the poor, widows, orphans, and strangers
79
the rabbinic tradition
*All of the Law of Moses boils down to “Love your neighbor”
80
Ethics of Judaism
Problem: alienation from God solution: reconcile with God method: By following his Law, whether that means following 613 commandments or loving God and your fellow people

philosophy (6 decks)

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