Chapter 2 exam Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
Hinduism
A
Hinduism is about resonating with the universe (OM) or in sync with the universe
2
Q
The veda texts are in the indo-european language of ___
A
Sanskrit
3
Q
What are vedas?
A
The vedas tell us what the gods are like or what they do
Primarily, hymns, poems , chants praising the gods, recited by the priests while performing the sacrifices
4
Q
The oldest veda is __
A
Samhitas
5
Q
In order for the gods to preserve cosmic order or (RTA), what should be done ?
A
sacrifices
6
Q
The name of vedic hinduism’s scriptures
A
Vedas
7
Q
Soma
A
god of the plant used in sacrifices
8
Q
Agni
A
God of the sacrificial fire
9
Q
Rudra/shiva
A
Important god in the veda texts. He merges with the fertility god from earlier (aka shiva) it means suspicious or lucky) his nickname is shiva because he becomes shiva later on. Shiva becomes his name. it is kind of like simon and peter in the bible. they end up changing names.
10
Q
Mitras
A
a sun god. the sun god watches over us and establishes justice.
11
Q
Yama
A
determines where you go after death… either to the sky or below
12
Q
The priests who perform the sacrifice are called ___
A
Brahmins
13
Q
A group of hindu philosophers are called ___
A
Sannyasins … they began to question the vedic sacrifice and the vedic gods.
14
Q
Mahabharata
A
any word that has MAHA means big.
15
Q
Bhagavad gita
A
if you don’t do your duty, you will come back worse in the afterlife. Or a lower caste. A dialogue between the warrior Arjuna and Krishna (an avatar of Vishnu) about duty.
16
Q
brahaman
A
There is no division amont the things in this universe. Everything is ONE. For example, I am a tree and a desk.
17
Q
Nondualistic
A
There is no distincition between Brahman and Atman.
18
Q
Mantras
A
The hymns of the Samhitas or chants, which are recited by the priests during sacrifices
19
Q
Indra
A
warrior god
20
Q
Varuna
A
Sky god. He is the guardian of cosmic order and social harmony
21
Q
Outcasts
A
These people are not in the caste system. you are basically stuck here.
22
Q
Untouchables
A
This is the lowest part of the caste system . AKA outcasts
23
Q
Samsara
A
The atman returns to the life after life in a never-ending cycle
24
Q
Atman
A
Hindu philosopher discovered that within each person there is an immortal self seperate from the body and is somehow related to the universe (brahman)
25
four stages of life
Student: study of the vedas
Householder/husband: pleasure, success, family, and society (get a wife)
Forest-dweller: read, think, ponder (go off into the forest and study. you think about what it means to be atman)
Renunciate: leave it all behind, seek liberation from life
26
Moksha
Liberation or escape from the cycle of reincarnation
27
The three paths of the cycle of reincarnation
The path of action
The path of knowledge
The path of devotion
28
Sati
women throwing themselves in their husband's funeral fire in order to come back to a man in the afterlife.
Why? because women can't be in the caste system
29
Trimurti
The three most important modern Hindu gods. Trimurit means "three forms." Brahman in three forms
- Brahma the creator
- Vishnu the sustainer (he can take us off the cycle of reincarnation)
-Shiva the destroyer (a god of contradictions, shiva is destructive and creative)
30
Avatars
Brahma the creator appears on Earth in avatars
31
Lingam
The lingam is associated with shiva
32
yoni
The yoni is associated with Shakti
33
Devi
- she is the form of all hindu goddesses.
- her name is just the f e m i n i n e form of the word for god.
34
Shakti
35
Kali
- she will end the universe
- shiva's consort
- takes on many aspects of the Mother Godess
- She is violent, wild, and independent
36
Ganesha
God of good fortune. He is good with children (hence the elephant headed god)
37
The sects: Shaktas
Worshipers of Devi, in any of her forms
38
Vaishnavas
Worshipers of vishnu, usually in one of his avatars like Krishna
39
The sects: Smartas
They refuse to pick among the many gods and believe all gods are one
40
The sects: Shaivas
Worshipers of shivas
41
Jnana yoga
study the relationship between yourself (Atman) and the universe (Brahman) so that you no longer
42
Bhakti yoga:
choose a god to lovingly worship in hopes that by creating a personal relationship with the god that she or he will help you escape the cycle of reincarnation
43
Karma yoga
44
puja
making offerings of flowers, food, water or money to a god resing in an image or idol
45
divali
the festival of light. Celebrated in october-november. Originally a harvest/new year's festival
46
holi
a ritual of reveral and color. Celebrated in february- march. Originally a spring harvest festival. Involves a lot of drinking.
47
tantra
the definition means woven together because it brings people together.
48
Hinduism Ethics
The problem: the cycle of rebirth (samsara) returns al living things to a life of pain and misery
The solution: escape from the cycle of rebirth (moksha)
How to achieve the solution: follow one of the three paths
49
Dharma
Hindus call their religion dharma. What a person is supposed to do, their duty.
50
Mohandas Gandhi
he was a leader in the movement for independence for India. He was calling for non-violence resistance against the British. He wanted to abandon the caste system.
51
Four basic castes/ classes
Priests, warrior, merchants, laborers
52
Buddhism
53
Buddha
The title of Buddhism is Buddha. It means enlightened one.
54
Dharma
Buddhists use the term Dharma to refer to their religion. Dharma means "the teachings of the Buddha" where there is a path laid out by buddha
55
Siddhartha Gautama
He was born into Hinduism into the warrior caste. However, he left his home one day and witnessed the four passing sights.
56
Four passing sights
1. A man of old age
2. a man afflicted with disease
3. a corpse
4. An ascetic
57
sangha
The first Buddhist community
58
Pali Canon
At the first buddhist council, buddhas followers collected his teachings into the Pali Canon or triptaka (three baskets)
59
Three Jewels
(leaving your life behind and living for buddha)
1. I take refuge in the Buddha (the person of the budhda)
2. I take refuge in the dharma (the teaching of the buddha)
3. I take refuge in the sangha (the community of buddhists)
60
Four Noble truths
Suffering, arising, cessation, path
1. suffering exists ... all living things are subject to suffering
2. suffering has a cause ; craving or desire for things
3. suffering can be eliminated by end of desire
4. the way of eradication of suffering is the Nobel Eightfold Path
61
Dukkha
literally means a broken Axle.
- The wheel has come off / Something has gone wrong
- Often translated as ‘suffering’
- We suffer when we cling to changing things as if they are unchanging and to the self as it is independent
- Let go of attachments
62
Tanha
Literally means 'desire.' a desire for impermanent things. The CAUSE of suffering.
63
Nirvana
the elimination of desire and achievement of enlightenment
64
Middle way
the general term for the path in life that avoids the sort of sef-indulgence taht the Buddha enjoyed before his Four passing sights on one side and the asceticism he attempted with teh monks he first joined on
65
Noble Eightfold Path
The steps to take to eliminate desire and achieve enlightenment
66
Three marks of existence
1. suffering
2. impermanence
3. lack of self
67
Skandhas
There are five skandhas that make up a person.
: Matter, feelings, peripeties, conditioning factors, consciousness
68
Theraveda buddhism
Monostaic Buddhism which means it is the form dominated by monks. U do it by yourself….as a monk.. As a single one.. Until you reach nirvana and then you wait to die
69
Arhats
The central figure is the monk whose goal is to become an arhat and attain nirvana through the cessation of desire
70
Mahayana
Popular buddhism
Here you are being helped by other people. The gods can even help you here. As buddha willingly postponed his entrance into nirvana in order to help others attain it.
71
Bodhisattvas
Those who achieve enlightenment. they TEACH others how to achieve that goal.
72
Zen (buddhism)
c o n t e m p l a t i v e Buddhism.
73
Bodhidharma
His name means wisdom duty. ( the first part of his name means wisdom) (dharma means duty or way of life
74
Koan
A riddle without an answer. it is used to open a pathway to sudden enlightenment, to realize one's buddha nature.
75
Zazen
a cross-legged position or lotus- position. this is done in order to realize one's buddha's nature.
76
Pure Land Sect
DEVOTIONAL buddhism
77
Amitabha
the buddha of infinite light, out of his compassion. He has so much karmic merit that he can bring into existence
78
Western Paradise
a stepping stone to get off the reincarnation cycle). This is not the end goal. You still want to get off the reincarnation cycle
79
Vajrayana (buddhism)
PRACTICAL buddhism.
80
Lamas
Vajrayana Buddhism is taught by spiritual leaders called Lamas.
81
Five Precepts
those who do not commit to the monastic life and the noble eithfold path my commit to the five precepts (what the buddhist community is expected to strive for
82
Mandalas
visual depictions of the universe . a square that encompasses a circle.
83
Janeism
They are ascetics (deny the body what it wants).
The goal of jainism is to sepeartae jiva from ajiva in order to achieve limitless knowledge, endless perception, infiinit power, and eternal bliss
84
Jina
means conqueror
85
Mahavira
The ending teacher. Mahavira achieved moksha and then taught others how to achieve it through ascetism
86
Nataputta Vardhamana
the real name of Janeism?
87
Jiva
A person consists of JIVA and AJIVA (non living stuff, your body)
Jiva is the life principle. Consciousness. All people, animals, and planets have jiva
88
Ajiva
A person consists of JIVA and AJIVA (non living stuff, your body)
Ajiva is the lifeless principle. Shape and form, or matter
89
Asceticism
denying the body what it wants
90
Ahimsa
non-injury of any living thing
91
Karma
karma is matter.
- More accurately the process by which ajiva is attached to jiva
- Anything that causes happiness or passion, is BAD… it drags more jiva to your ajiva
92
Triple gems of jainism
Right faith, right knowledge, right conduct
93
The Five Great Vows
Do no harm, do not lie, do not steal not take anything not given, do not have sex, do now allow attachment to persons, places, or things
94
Sallekhana
Because eating involves harming other life forms, fasting oneself to death (sallekhana) is thought to be the ideal means of dying
95
The three paths of the cycle of reincarnation
The path of action
The path of knowledge
The path of devotion
96
Hinduism Ethics
The problem: the cycle of rebirth (samsara) returns all living things to a life of pain and misery
The solution: escape from the cycle of rebirth (moksha)
How to achieve the solution: follow one of the three paths
97
Yama
determines where you go after death... either to the sky or below
98
Tien
it is translated as HEAVEN
99
Kuei
The bad earthly gods
100
Shen
The good ghostly gods
101
Shangdi
the supreme ruler in tien
102
Yin- yang
harmonious complementarity.
yin- cold
yang- warm
103
what do followers of Confucianism call their religion?
teaching of the Ru
104
Ru
Scribes and ritual performers
105
what book did Confucius write?
the 4 analects
106
What are the three values Confucius taught?
ren
- traditionally translated as benevolence/kindness
li
- doing the right thing in the right way
xiao
- respect of parents while living
107
the person who embodies values is called a
junzi
108
what are the five relationships Confucius says guys must follow?
- father and son
- elder brother and younger brother
- husband and wife
- older friend and younger friend
- ruler and subject
109
a new for of confucianism arose: it is called the learning way or ...
Confucianism
110
ritual propriety
Bowing in greeting, giving and receiving gifts
111
tomb sweeping day falls under what religion ?
confucianism
112
what is the ethics for confucianism?
The problem: social chaos
the solution: development of the self as a profound person in order to create social harmony
The method: learning and putting into practice the rules of humaneness, ritual propriety, and filial piety
113
What are the three elements of confucian practice?
filial piety, humaneness, and ritual
114
What does Dao mean?
way, road, channel, or way to go
115
who is the significant person in Daoism?
Laozi
116
Tai chi definition
increasing your vital energy
117
Ethics for daoism
the problem: we don't have the vital energy for dao
the solution : live in harmony with and directed by the dao
the method: Use various techniques to increase vital energy (qi) and balance the yin and the yang, such as meditation,
118
qigong
slow exercises and breathing techniques
119
the three pure ones
they are the most popular gods
120
The jade emperor and the mother of the west
perfected persons in Daoism
