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Sonography > Ch. 4 Physics: Describing Pulsed Waves > Flashcards

Ch. 4 Physics: Describing Pulsed Waves Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

What are short bursts of energy that repeat?

A

Pulsed sound or pulsed energy

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2
Q

True or false
Continuous sound produces images

A

Fasle
only pulse can produce images

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3
Q

True or false
A pulse can have any number of cycles

A

True

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4
Q

True or false
Every pulse has a beginning and an end with “off time” before the next pulse.

A

True

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5
Q

What are the two important characteristics that pulsed sound uses to create diagnostic images?

A

Transmitting -“talking” or “on” time
Receiving -“listening” or “off” time

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6
Q

What are the 5 parameters for pulsed waves?

A

Pulse duration
Spatial pulse length
Pulse repetition period (PRP)
Pulse repetition frequency (PRF)
Duty factor

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7
Q

The actual time of the pulse from start to end is called what?

A

Pulse Duration

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8
Q

_______ is equal to the number of cycles in each pulse multiplied by the period of each cycle.

A

Pulse Duration

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9
Q

Pulse duration is ________ ________ to period

A

Directly proportional

PD= # cycles x period

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10
Q

Pulse duration is _______ ________ to frequency

A

Inversely proportional

PD= # cycles / frequency

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11
Q

What is the meausred units for pulsed duration?

A

Time
ms
microsec

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12
Q

What is the value range of pulsed duration?

A

0.3- 2.0microsec

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13
Q

Pulse is determined by….

A

The source

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14
Q

True or false
The sonographer can alter the pulse

A

Fasle
Not adjustable

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15
Q

Many cycles grouped together in a pulse or individual cycles with long periods.

A

Long pulse duration

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16
Q

Fewer cycles in a pulse or individual cycles with short periods.

A

Short pulse duration

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17
Q

Which pulse duration is better for imaging in diagnostic ultrasound?

A

Shorter pulses

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18
Q

The distance pulse occupies in space from the start of the pulse to its end.

A

Spatial Pulse length

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19
Q

What is the measurement unit for spatial pulse length

A

mm

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20
Q

What is the typical length range in soft tissue?

A

0.1- 1.0mm

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21
Q

What determines the spatial pulse length?

A

The source and medium

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22
Q

True or false
The sonographer cannot alter spatial pulse length

A

True

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23
Q

Spatial pulse length is ______ _______ to the number of cycles in each pulse and the wavelength of each cycle.

A

Directly proportional

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24
Q

Spatial pulse length is _______ ________ to the frequency of the cycle

A

Inversely proportional

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25
True or false Pulses that are short in time are also short in distance
True
26
This pulse length has many cycles in a pulse and causes the quality of the image to decrease.
Long pulse
27
This pulse length has fewer cycles in a pulse and causes the quality of images to increase.
Short pulse
28
As spatital pulse length ________, image quality _________.
increases, decreases
29
The time from the start of one pulse to the start of the next pulse is....
Pulse Repetition period (PRP)
30
PRP includes both.....
Talking time and listening time
31
PRP is a funcetion of depth and is ______ to period
unrelated
32
PRP is the time from the start of pulse to the start of...
another pulse
33
PRP is ________ related to depth of view
Directly
34
What is PRP measured in?
time, ms, secs
35
What is the time ranges for PRP?
100microsec to 1 ms
36
Is PRP adjustable or not adjustable by the sonographer?
Adjustable
37
What is the PRP determined by?
Sound source
38
The number of pulses transmits into a medium per second is...
Pulse repetition frequency (PRF)
39
PRF is ________ to frequency
unrelated
40
What is PRF related to?
DOV (depth of view)
41
What is the relationship between PRF and DOV?
Inversely related
42
What is the measurement of PRF?
Hertz (HZ)
43
What is the value range for PRF?
1-10kHz
44
What determined the PRF?
sound source
45
Is the PRF adjustable or not adjustable by the sonographer?
Adjustable
46
As DOV decreases, the PRF_____
increases
47
As the DOV increases, the PRF______
Decreases
48
PRP and PRF are ________ related
inversely
49
When PRF increases, PRP_______
decreases
50
When PRF decreases, PRP_______
increases
51
PRF and PRP share a reciprocal relationship: when they are multiplied together, they equal _____.
One
52
In deep imaging, what is higher, the PRP or the PRF?
PRP
53
In shallow imaging, what is higher, the PRP or the PRF?
PRF
54
Which of the following pulse repetition periods listed below would have the highest pulse repetition frequency? 4 s 300 ks 75 ms 6 ms
6 ms
55
True or false PRP and PRF are both determined by depth.
True
56
The percentage of time in the system is transmitting a pulse, or the time it is "on" is called what?
Duty Factor
57
What is the measure of unit for Duty factor?
It is unitless
58
What are the typical ranges for duty factor?
0.002 to 0.005 or 0.2% to 0.5%
59
What is the duty factor of a continuous wave?
100% or 1.0
60
True or false Continuous waves creates images
False
61
What kind of waves are used for imaging?
Pulsed waves
62
True or false Ultrasound imaging systems spend more time "listening" than "talking".
True
63
Duty factor is ________ related to DOV
inversely
64
What determines duty factor?
system source
65
Is duty factor adjustable or not adjustable by the sonographer?
adjustable
66
If DOV decreases, duty factor ________.
increases
67
What 3 parameters change when a sonographer changes depth?
PRP, PRF, Duty Factor
68
What happens to the duty factor when the PRP is increased?
Decreases

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