Ch. 4 - Positioning Apparatus Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
- Act of preparing to manage an incident at a particular location or a particular type of incident before an incident occurs.
A
Preincident Planning
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2
Q
Incident scene _____-____ determines the most advantageous position for the attack pumper.
A
size-up
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3
Q
- Ongoing evaluation of influential factors at the scene of an incident.
A
Size-Up
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4
Q
- Person in charge of the Incident Command System and responsible for the management of all incident operations during an emergency.
A
Incident Commander
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5
Q
When positioning the apparatus:
* Pull the apparatus past the ______ of the ________, if feasibl, when arriving at an incident where no fire is evident ( ____________ mode). This position allows personnel on the apparatus to view three sides of the building.
A
front of the building / investigation mode
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6
Q
When positioning the apparatus:
* Consider the best access point for ?
A
personnel and equipment entering the occupancy when parking the apparatus
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7
Q
A fire department pumpers primary function on the fireground is to provide?
A
water directly for fire streams or to support other pumpers or aerial apparatus
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8
Q
When positioning the apparatus:
* _________ with the apparatus (based on local policy) in the event connections for water supply or fire department connections need to be made or to assist in pulling attack hoseline and operating the pump.
A
Remain
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9
Q
______ _______ is the first tactical priority at any incident.
A
Life safety
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10
Q
If there is indication of an obvious rescue situation, position the apparatus to facilitate the most efficient deployment of _________ _________ ( or _______ ________ if so equipped).
A
ground ladders / aerial device
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11
Q
What is a primary concern of the d/o and company officer in the placement of the pumper?
A
establishing water supply
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12
Q
The d/o should be aware that supply lines, especially LDH, may block?
A
the access of later-arriving apparatus
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13
Q
Only after a proper size up confirms the location and extent of the fire can a pumpers onboard tank be considered for ?
A
water supply
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14
Q
Attempt to position the apparatus _________ of an incident whenever possible.
A
upwind
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15
Q
Positioning upwind may negate the need for the d/o to wear protective __________ _________ while operating the vehicle and reduce the possibility of the apparatus becoming an _________ if fire conditions worsen.
A
breathing apparatus / exposure
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16
Q
Apparatus and personnel should be downhill of the main body of fire as ___________ fires move uphill faster than on flat terrain or downhill.
A
wildland fires
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17
Q
When laying supply hose into a fire scene, lay the hose to the side of the _______ if at all possible.
A
street
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18
Q
Apparatus and personnel should maintain a collapse zone of at least _____ and a ______ times the height of any building determined likely to collapse.
A
one and half times
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19
Q
The ________ of a structure are generally considered the safest position should a collapse occur.
A
corners
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20
Q
Depending on the incident, apparatus, equipment, and personnel operating within ______ feet of the base of a high-rise fire may need to be protected from falling glass and debris.
A
200 feet
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21
Q
If a building is less than _____ floors tall, the _______ _______ should be positioned on the side of the street closest to the building and aerial apparatus are placed outboard of the pumpers.
A
5 floors / attack pumper
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22
Q
If a fire building is greater than five floors tall how should attack pumpers and aerial apparatus be positioned?
A
the attack pumper takes the outside position to allow the aerial apparatus maximum reach to the building.
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23
Q
In order to supply a fire department connection most efficiently, a pumper should position as closely as possible to the _______ _______.
A
water source
24
Q
- Point at which the fire department can connect into a sprinkler or standpipe to boost the water pressure and flow in the system.
A
Fire Department Connection (FDC)
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25
- To shuttle water between a source and an emergency scene using mobile water supply apparatus.
Relay
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26
- Process of acquiring water from a static source and transferring it into a pump that is above the sources level; atmospheric pressure on the water surface forces the water into the pump where a partial vacuum was created.
Drafting
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27
- Supply of water at rest that does not provide a pressure head for fire suppression but may be employed as a suction source for fire pumps; for example, water in a reservoir, pond, or cistern.
Static Water Supply
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28
Preference should be given to drafting locations that are accessible from a hard _________ and require a minimum length of hard _______ ______ or _______.
surface / intake hose / lift
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29
A _____ ________ consists of an intake hose connection on the shore and a length of pipe extended into the water with a strainer on the end.
dry hydrant
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30
- Permanently installed pipe that has pumper suction connections installed static water sources to speed drafting operations.
Dry Hydrant
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31
Only hard intake hose that has been designated to withstand _________ _________ should be connected to a fire hydrant.
positive pressure
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32
The procedures for many fire departments require that d/o place ______ _______ on the small diameter discharges of dry barrel hydrants before connecting to the large diameter discharge.
gate valves
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33
- Hose used to connect a fire department pumper or a portable pump to a nearby water source; may be soft sleeve or hard suction hose.
Intake Hose
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34
The preferred type of hose for hydrant connection is?
large diameter intake hose
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35
Large diameter intake hose is common in _____ foot lengths. Shorter sections of ____ to _____ feet are also available for use when the pumper is in close proximity to a hydrant.
100 foot / 10 to 50 feet
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36
Stopping short of the hydrant allows the intake hose to ?
curve slightly, preventing kinks that can drastically restrict flow
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37
A good way to minimize the chance of the intake hose kinking is to put a _______________ ________ in the hose when making the connection between the hydrant and pumper.
counterclockwise twist
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38
- Operation where a strong hydrant is used to supply two pumpers by connecting the pumpers intake-to-intake. The second pumper receives the excess water not being pumped by the first pumper, which is directly connected to the water supply source.
Dual Pumping
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39
- Short relay operation in which the pumper taking water from the supply source pumps into the intake of the second pumper; the second pumper then boosts the pressure of the water even higher. This method is used when pressures higher than the capability of a single pump are required.
Tandem Pumping
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40
A tandem pumping operation may be required when it is necessary to supply a ?
high-rise sprinkler or standpipe system
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41
In tandem pumping operations apparatus may be located up to ______ feet apart.
300 feet
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42
Relay pumping is generally used to increase the ________ of _______ available at a fire scene, while tandem pumping (another form of relay) is most often undertaken to increase _______ __________.
volume of water / water pressure
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43
A tandem pumping operation may be capable of pumping water at a ________ __________ than fire hose and adapters can withstand.
greater pressure
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44
Which NFPA standard contains test pressures for various types of fire hose?
NFPA 1962, Standard for the Inspection, Care, and Use of Fire Hose, Couplings, Nozzles, and the Service Testing of Fire Hose
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45
Due to the dynamic nature of wildfires, apparatus are seldom positioned in the ?
same location for the duration of an incident
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46
Second only to life safety is the protection of __________ (__________) during fire fighting operations.
property ( structures )
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- Line, area, or zone where an undeveloped wildland area meets a human development area.
Wildland / Urban Interface
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48
Many of the structures threatened by wildfires are on ?
rural lanes, at the end of long narrow driveways and may be surrounded by dry vegetation
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49
D/O should ______ the apparatus into position from the last known turnaround point and note the location of ___________ along the route.
back / landmarks
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50
Positions apparatus to protect structures from wildfires:
* Park the apparatus off the __________ ( if conditions permit ) to avoid blocking other apparatus or evacuating civilians.
* Clear away any nearby _______ that may serve as fuel for a fire.
* Position the apparatus on the _________ side of the structure to minimize exposure to heat and blowing embers.
roadway / brush / leeward
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Positioning apparatus to protect structures at wildfires:
* Place the apparatus at a nearby but safe distance from the structure in order to keep ___________ _______.
* Keep _______ and _________ closed to keep out burning material.
hoselines short / doors and windows
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Positioning apparatus to protect structures from wildfires:
* Place the vehicles air conditioning on ___________ mode to avoid drawing in smoke from the outside.
* Do not position the apparatus in _______ ___________ to power lines, large trees, LPG tanks or other pressure vessels, and exposed structures.
recirculating / close proximity
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53
- Point from which a fire line is begun; usually a natural or man-made barrier that prevents fire spread and the possibility of the crew being "flanked" while constructing the fire line. Examples include lakes, ponds, streams, roads, earlier burns, rockslides, and cliffs.
Anchor Point
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54
Any wildland fire attack should begin with the apparatus positioned in an ________ _______ - a natural or man-made barrier that will prevent the fire from encircling the vehicle or crew.
anchor point
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55
Typical anchor points in wildland fires are?
roads, lakes, ponds, or previously burned areas
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56
D/O should not attempt to ______ streams with a vehicle unless it has been specifically designed to operate in such conditions.
ford
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57
- Ability of an apparatus to traverse a body of standing water. Apparatus specifications should list the specific water depths through which trucks must be able to drive.
Fording
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58
- (1) Overhaul of fire or hazardous materials scene. (2) In wildland fire fighting, the act of making a fire safe after it is controlled by extinguishing or removing burning material along or near the control line, felling dead trees (snags), and trenching logs to prevent rolling.
Mop-Up
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59
Pumping apparatus safety guidelines for wildland fires:
* Keep ___________ on whenever the engine is running.
* Back apparatus into a position facing an ________ _______.
* Close all _________ and _______ to prevent burning embers from entering the cab.
* Establish an _________ ________ before beginning fire attack.
* headlights
* escape route
* windows and doors
* anchor point
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60
Pumping apparatus safety guidelines for wildland fires:
* Draw apparatus and crews to the _______ of the fire rather than attempting a frontal attack if the fire is spreading rapidly upslope.
* Keep a _________ ______ ready for apparatus protection.
* Do not drive apparatus into unburned fuels higher than the vehicles __________ __________.
* Do not drive the apparatus into smoke near the location of other ______. Whenever driving through smoke, proceed very slowly, sounding the ?
* flanks
* charged line
* underside clearance
* crews / the horn or siren intermittently
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61
- Standardized process or procedure by which available resources to a fire or other emergency incident are held in reserve at a location away from the incident while awaiting assignment .
Staging
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62
- Used on all multiple-company emergency responses. The first arriving vehicles of each type proceed directly to the scene, and the others stand by a block or two from the scene and await orders. Units usually stage at the last intersection on their route of travel before reaching the reported incident location.
Level I Staging
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- Used on large-scale incidents where a larger number of fire and emergency services companies are responding; these companies are sent to a specific remote location to await assignment
Level II Staging
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64
- Company officer of the first-arriving company at the staging who takes command of the area and is responsible for communicating available resources and resource needs to the operations section chief.
Staging Area Manager
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65
Apparatus in staging should shut off its ___________ __________ ________ but maintain readiness to deploy rapidly when requested.
emergency warning lights
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66
- Location at which the primary Incident Management Logistics functions are coordinated and administered; the Incident Command Post may be co-located with the ______. There is only one ______ per incident.
Base / Base / Base
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67
Apparatus should not travel opposing the normal flow of traffic on highways or ramps unless the ?
police have closed the road to traffic
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68
________ _______ issues are also common during operations on limited access urban highways and rural roadways.
Water Supply
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69
The U.S. Department of Transportation Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) advises that emergency vehicle warning lights should be used as necessary to reach the incident, but once on scene their use should be ?
reduced as much as possible
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70
Cooperation between _____ ___________ and _____ ___________ agencies is critical during operations on any roadway.
fire department and law enforcement
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71
Considerations when responding to any potential hazardous materials incident:
* Obtain information regarding ______ _______ and __________ from the dispatcher or by direct observation
* Approach from __________ and ___________
* Do not drive the apparatus directly to the scene until the material involved can be _____________.
* Position apparatus and personnel well _______ of the scene until the nature of the hazard can be determined.
* wind speed and direction
* upwind and uphill
* identified
* short
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- System of barriers surrounding designated areas at emergency scenes, intended to limit the number of persons exposed to a hazard and to facilitate its mitigation. A major incident has three zones: Restricted (Hot) Zone, Limited Access (Warm) Zone, and Support (Cold) Zone.
Hazard-Control Zones
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- Potentially hazardous area immediately surrounding the incident site; requires appropriate protective clothing and equipment and other safety precautions for entry. Typically limited to technician-level personnel.
Hot Zone
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74
The perimeter of the _____ _______ must extend far enough to prevent people from suffering the effects of the release.
hot zone
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75
- Area between the hot and cold zones that usually contains the decontamination corridor; typically requires a lesser degree of personal protective equipment than the hot zone.
Warm Zone
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76
- Safe area outside of the warm zone where equipment and personnel are not expected to become contaminated and special protective clothing is not required; the Incident Command Post and other support functions are typically located in this zone.
Cold Zone
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77
Fire department personnel must consider all railroad tracks "______".
"live"
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78
Operating near railroads:
Cross railroad tracks only at ___________ __________ ________ in order to avoid the possibility of becoming stuck on the tracks due to the ground clearance of the apparatus and the height of the track bed.
designated crossing points
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79
Operating near railroads:
* Park on the same side of the tracks as the incident to avoid ___________ ___________ across the track and to keep firefighters from making repeated crossings of the track.
stretching hoselines
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80
Apparatus should maintain a clear zone of at least ____ feet from railroad tracks to prevent contact with objects on the railroad cars.
30 feet
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81
When fire conditions are evident upon arrival, the D/O should place the apparatus in a safe position that offers the best ?
tactical advantage
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82
When positioning for exposure protection, consider the apparatus as a potential ____________.
exposure
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83
_________ lines should be laid where they are accessible to later-arriving apparatus.
Supply
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84
If ____________ or portable _________ __________ are to be used, the pumper must be positioned in close proximity to the building or incident scene to allow effective water supply.
handlines or portable master streams
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85
Park the apparatus on _______ surfaces whenever practical.
hard
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86
One exception to the uphill rule involves ____________ fires. Apparatus and personnel should be ___________ of the main body of fire as wildland fires move uphill faster than on flat terrain or downhill.
wildland / downhill
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87
Block lanes of the road where firefighters are operating as well as an additional ________ for a safety zone.
lane
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88
Indicators that factor in the IC decision to withdraw firefighters and apparatus from an area or building include buildings with reinforcement rods which may be identified by ornamental _______ or ________, those with bulging _______, traveling exterior ________ and falling ________.
stars or bolts / walls / cracks / bricks
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89
Other factors, such as the location of __________ _______ lines, dictate the position of apparatus on the fireground.
overhead utility
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Many jurisdictions' guidelines require that pumpers yield an optimum ___________ close to a building for aerial apparatus.
position
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91
Friction loss due to ___________ and ____________ are major considerations when supporting elevated streams.
distance and elevation
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92
D/O should position pumpers providing water supply for elevated stream operations as closely to the _________ _____________ as practical.
aerial apparatus
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93
This connection consists of clappered Siamese with two or more 2 1/2 inch intakes or one large diameter (4 inch or larger) intake.
Fire Department Connection (FDC)
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_____________ operations are required when a pumper must be supplied from a static water source such as a dry hydrant, storage tank, lake, or stream.
Drafting
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95
Limiting ______ is of critical importance in achieving the best possible discharge capabilities.
lift
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96
Any personnel working near the edge of bodies of water are required to wear a ?
personal flotation device (PFD)
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97
Hydrant / apparatus placement:
The distance must be judged from the hydrant rather than the curb line because ?
hydrant are located different distances from the curb.
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98
To avoid blocking the street with the apparatus, the D/O must stop close to the curb with the pump intake a few feet short of being?
in line with the hydrant.
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99
Front and rear intake connections:
The D/O should stop the apparatus either a few feet short or a few feet beyond the __________ to allow the intake hose to curve.
hydrant
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100
With _______ pumping, one strong hydrant is used to supply two pumpers.
dual pumping
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101
__________ pumping operations are actually a form of relay pumping with pumpers positioned close together rather than evenly spaced in the supply hose layout.
Tandem pumping
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102
Tandem pumping operations may also be used in situations where the attack pumper is located a relatively short distance from the ________ _________ but a great distance from the _______.
water source / fire
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103
Tandem pumping:
The pumper directly connected to the water source pumps water through its __________ outlet(s) to the _________ of the second engine.
discharge / intake(s)
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104
Wildland fire attack:
A ___________ may be needed to walk ahead of the apparatus to help avoid obstacles such as logs, stumps, rocks, ditches, and low hanging branches.
spotter
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105
Wildland fire attack:
A _______ ________ line should be deployed and charged for protection of the apparatus.
short attack
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106
Wildland fire attack:
The vehicle should be positioned facing the direction of an ______ path, with its front wheels _________ and always parked with its wheels __________ and the _______________ brake engaged.
exit / straight / chocked / emergency
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107
Wildland fire attack:
For apparatus capable of mounting mobile fire attack, during these operations hoselines should be kept short in order to ?
facilitate movement
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108
__________ ___ staging is often used on any multiunit response of two or more units.
Level I
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109
Level I Staging:
Upon transmittal of this order, other units stop (stage) approximately
______ _______ away from the scene in their direction of _______ and await further instructions.
one block / travel
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110
Level I Staging:
Engine companies in this scenario typically stage near a __________ or _________ __________. While staged, D/Os should not allow their position to be ____________.
hydrant or water source / blocked
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__________ ____ staging is implemented when numerous units are responding to operate at the same incident, particularly those that require mutual aid or result in the transmittal of multiple alarms.
Level II
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Level II Staging:
One or more apparatus staging areas may be designated by the ______________ __________ Officer from which the IC can draw additional resources.
Operations Section Officer
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The _____________ ________ ___________ advises the Planning Section or IC as to the status of resource availability.
Staging Area Manager
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Upon arrival at Staging, the Company Officer of the incoming unit should report to the ?
Staging Area Manager
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________ may be established as an area from which large numbers of personnel and quantities of equipment may be deployed.
Base
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Highway operations:
Some highway systems are equipped with _____ ___________ risers. The risers require one pumper that is ______ the highway to establish water supply and pump the standpipe inlet. The pumper ____ the highway can use the standpipe discharge to receive a steady flow of water for firefighting.
dry standpipe risers / off / on
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Highway operations:
Many fire apparatus are incapable of traveling as ______ as the normal flow of traffic on these roads. The use of _________ ________ under these conditions may only cause confusion for civilian drivers and serve to slow the actual response of the apparatus. Use sirens only to clear _______ moving traffic.
fast / warning devices / slow
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Highway operations:
Some jurisdictions specify the use of _____ _________ pump panels for units that respond to numerous highway incidents.
top mounted
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Highway operations:
Apparatus equipped with side mounted pump panels should position facing the _________ ________, if at all possible, so that the D/O at the pump panel controls has a view of the ___________ ________.
incident scene / incident scene
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The _____ zone is the area closest to the release of material.
hot zone
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The ________ zone is the area abutting the hot zone and extending to the border of the cold zone.
Warm zone
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The ______ zone surrounds the warm zone and is the area where all incident support functions are conducted.
cold zone
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It may require ______ to ______ _______ for a fully loaded train to make a complete stop.
one to two miles
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* Notify the rail company to confirm that rail traffic has been halted along the section in question if stretching a hoseline across a track is absolutely necessary. If this is not possible, the hose may be run ______________ the rails or an ________ __________ may be used to provide access for a hoseline over the top of a track location.
underneath / aerial apparatus
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Emergency Medical Incidents:
The proximity of the _________ discharge from parked apparatus should be considered relative to the location of patients being extricated or treated nearby.
exhaust
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