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CHE104 > Ch. 4 The Microscope and Forensic Identification of Hair, Fibers, and Paint > Flashcards

Ch. 4 The Microscope and Forensic Identification of Hair, Fibers, and Paint Flashcards

1
Q

amorphous material

A

a solid without order in the arrangement of its atoms

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2
Q

anagenic phase

A

the initial phase of hair growth, when the hair follicle is producing hair

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3
Q

anisotropic material

A

material that appears different when the direction of observation is changed

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4
Q

basecoat

A

the layer of automotive paint that contains the colored pigments

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5
Q

Becke line

A

a bright line that develops as the objective lens of a microscope is moved out of focus

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6
Q

binder

A

the material that hardens as the paint dries, forming a continuous film

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7
Q

birefringement material

A

an anisotropic material

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8
Q

catagenic phase

A

the intermediate stage of hair growth, which occurs between the anagenic and telogenic phases

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9
Q

cellulosic fibers

A

fibers that are produced from cellulose-containing raw materials, such as tress or other plants

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10
Q

clearcoat

A

outermost layer of automobile paint that contains no pigment

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11
Q

comparison microscope

A

two microscopes linked by an optical bridge

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12
Q

compound microscope

A

a microscope with one body tube that is used for magnification in the range of 25x to 1200x

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13
Q

condenser

A

a lens under the microscope stage that focuses the light on the specimen

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14
Q

cortex

A

the body of the hair shaft

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15
Q

cuticle

A

a scale structure covering the exterior of the hair

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16
Q

depth of focus

A

the depth of the area of the specimen that is in focus

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17
Q

electrocoat primer

A

first layer of paint applied to the steel body of an automobile

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18
Q

field of view

A

the part of the specimen that can be seen through the microscopic lenses

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19
Q

follicular tag

A

tissue surrounding the hair shaft that adheres to hair when it is pulled out

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20
Q

illuminator

A

the part of a microscope that illuminates the specimen for viewing

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21
Q

isotropic materials

A

materials that have the same optical properties when observed from any direction

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22
Q

keritin

A

the primary protein that forms hair and nails

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23
Q

medulla

A

a column of cells running down the center of the hair

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24
Q

micrometer

A

one-millionth of a meter (μm)

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25
microspectrophotometer
a microscope that measures the interaction of infrared or ultraviolet radiation with a sample
26
objective lens
the lower lens of a microscope; the lens closest to the specimen
27
ocular lens
the upper lens of a microscope; the lens nearest to the eye
28
pigment
added to paint to give it color
29
plane-polarized light
light that oscillates in only one plane
30
pleochroism
a property of a substance in which it shows different colors when exposed to polarized light from different directions
31
polarizer
a lens that passes light waves that are oscillating only in one plant
32
polarizing microscope
a microscope that illuminates the specimen with polarized light
33
polymer
a large organic molecule made up of repeating units of smaller molecules (monomers)
34
primer surfacer
a layer of automobile paint that slows corrosion of the underlying steel
35
"real" image
the actual nonmagnified image
36
refraction
the bending of light waves
37
refractive index
a ratio of the velocity of light in vacuum to its velocity in another medium
38
regenerated fibers
fibers made by treating cotton or wood with a variety of chemicals
39
scanning electron microscope (SEM)
a microscope that illuminates the specimen with a beam of electrons
40
solvent
the liquid in which the components of paint are suspended
41
spectroscopy
measurement of absorption of light by different materials
42
stereoscopic microscope
a microscope with 2 separate body tubes that allow both eyes to observe the specimen at low or medium magnification
43
synthetic fibers
fibers produced from chemicals made from refined petroleum or natural gas
44
telogenic phase
the final phase of hair growth, during which hair falls out of the follicle
45
virtual image
an image that is seen only by looking through a lens
46
warp
lengthwise strand of yarn on a loom
47
weft
crosswire strands of yarn on a loom
48
working distance
the distance between the object being investigated and the objective lens
49
A magnifying glass is a(n) ______ that is thicker in the middle than at the edge.
bi-convex
50
How much light bends depends on the change in ______ as the light enters and leaves the magnifying glass.
refractive index
51
When using a magnifying glass, the magnified image is known as the _______ image.
virtual
52
A(n) ______ microscope has two lenses that are at fixed distances from one another in a hallow tube.
compound
53
The lower lens in a compound microscope is the _____ lens.
objective
54
The upper lens in the eyepiece of the compound microscope is the _____ lens.
ocular
55
A compound microscope can magnify objects up to _____ times.
1500
56
As the numerical aperture (NA) of a microscope lens doubles, it is able to resolve details that are ______ as close to one another.
twice
57
The thickness of the region that is in focus when using a compound microscope is called the ______.
depth of focus
58
The light rays from the illuminator are condensed and focused through the ______ lens.
condenser
59
Side-by-side comparisons of specimens are best performed by using a(n) _____ microscope.
comparison
60
The ______ microscope has two eye pieces.
stereoscopic
61
The distance between the objective lens and the specimen is the ______.
working distance
62
______ materials have the same optical properties when observed from all directions.
isotropic
63
As the direction of observation is changed, _____ materials will change their appearance.
anisotropic
64
______ is the property of a substance in which it shows different colors when exposed to polarized light coming from different directions.
pleochromism
65
The microspectrophotometer is an instrument that attaches a spectrophotometer to a(n) ______.
microscope
66
With a microspectrophotometer, the UV, visible, and _____ spectrum of the sample can be measured.
infrared (IR)
67
A spectrophotometer measures the light intensity as a function of ______ after the light has interacted with the sample.
wavelength
68
Hair is composed primarily of the protein ______.
keratin
69
The electrons that are immediately reflected back toward the electron source in a scanning electron microscope are called ______ electrons.
backscattered
70
A human hair has three layers: the ______, the ______, and the ______.
cuticle, cortex, medulla
71
The medulla of human hair is ______ (cylindrical/patterned).
cylindrical
72
The initial phase of hair growth is known as the ______ (catagenic/ anagenic/ telogenic) phase.
anagenic
73
During the final phase of hair growth, known as the ______ phase, hair becomes loose and falls out.
telogenic
74
The three most basic weaves in fabrics are ______, ______, and ______.
plain, twill, satin
75
Cellulosic fibers are produced from raw materials from trees or plants that contain ______.
cellulose
76
Synthetic fibers are produced from chemicals made from refined ______.
petroleum
77
Synthetic fibers made from cellulose fibers are also known as ______ fibers.
regenerated
78
______-shaped synthetic fibers reflect more light and give an attractive sparkle to textiles.
trilobal
79
The first step in comparing two synthetic fibers is to examine the fibers with a(n) ______ microscope.
refractive index
80
Synthetic fibers can be identified by comparing their ______ & ______.
physical and chemical compositions
81
Paints have three major components. They are ______, ______, and ______.
pigment, solvent, binder
82
Paint evidence is very important in ______ and _____.
burglary, automobile crimes
83
Other than color, what is the most important physical property of a paint chip when making a comparison? ______.
texture and layer sequence
84
Paint chips can be picked up by sliding a piece of ______ under the chip.
paper
85
A reference paint sample can be obtained from an automobile by using a(n) ______.
scalpel
86
A unique fit of the edges of two paint chips is called a(n) ______ match.
jigsaw
87
Sometimes a paint chip is cast into a block of epoxy and cut with a microtome to reveal its ______ structure.
layer
88
Infrared microspectrophotometry will reveal the ______ components of a paint chip.
major organic
89
Destructive chemical tests can be carried out on paint chips by applying ______ to the paint chips.
solvent

CHE104 (15 decks)

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