Ch. 4: Word Parts of the Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
(213 cards)
1
Q
-physis
A
growth
2
Q
oste/o
A
bone
3
Q
crani/o
A
head, skull
4
Q
cervic/o
A
neck
5
Q
spondyl/o
A
vertebra
6
Q
lumb/o
A
loin, lower back
7
Q
brachi/o
A
arm
8
Q
dactyl/o
A
finger
9
Q
carp/o
A
wrist
10
Q
cost/o
A
rib
11
Q
femor/o
A
femur (thighbone)
12
Q
tibi/o
A
tibia (shinbone)
13
Q
tars/o
A
ankle
14
Q
chondr/o
A
cartilage
15
Q
arthr/o
A
joint
16
Q
burs/o
A
bursa (small fluid filled sac found near the body’s joints)
17
Q
ten/o
tend/o
tendin/o
A
tendon (connective tissue connecting muscle to bone)
18
Q
muscul/o
my/o
myos/o
A
muscle
19
Q
fasci/o
A
fascia (fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together)
20
Q
ton/o
A
tone, tension
21
Q
kinesi/o
kinet/o
A
movement, motion
22
Q
tax/o
A
arrangement, order, coordination
23
Q
ankyl/o
A
stiff, bent
24
Q
costalgia
A
cost/algia (rib/pain)
kaws-TAL-jah
rib pain
25
metatarsalgia
meta/tars/algia (after/ankle/pain)
meh-tah-tar-SAL-jah
pain in the bones of the foot
26
ostalgia
ost/algia (bone/pain)
aws-TAL-jah
bone pain
27
osteodynia
osteo/dynia (bone/pain)
aws-tee-oh-DIH-nee-ah
bone pain
28
spondylodynia
spondylo/dynia (vertebra/pain)
spawn-dih-loh-DIH-nee-ah
vertebra pain
29
tibialgia
tibi/algia (tibia/pain)
| tih-bee-AL-ja
30
ankylosis
ankyl/osis (stiff/condition)
an-kih-LOH-sis
joint stiffness
31
arthralgia
arthr/algia (joint/pain)
ar-THRAL-jah
joint pain
32
arthrodynia
arthro/dynia (joint/pain)
ar-throh-DIH-nee-ah
joint pain
33
cervicodynia
cervico/dynia (neck/pain)
sir-vih-koh-DAI-nee-ah
neck pain
34
crepitation
Latin for rattle or creaking
kreh-pih-TAY-shun
a crackling sound heard in joints
35
genu valgum
genu valgum (knee pointed in)
JEH-noo VAL-gum
knock-kneed
36
genu varum
genu varum (knee bowed out)
JEH-noo VAH-rum
bowlegged
37
bradykinesia
brady/kinesia (slow/movement)
bray-dih-kih-NEE-zhah
slow movement
38
dyskinesia
dys/kinesia (bad/movement)
dis-kih-NEE-zhah
inability to control movement
39
dystaxia
dys/taxia (bad/coordination)
dis-TAK-see-uh
poor coordination
40
dystonia
dys/tonia (bad/muscle tone)
dis-TOH-nee-ah
poor muscle tone
41
graphospasm
grapho/spasm (write/involuntary contraction)
gra-foh-SPAZM
writer's cramp
42
hyperkinesia
hyper/kinesia (over/movement)
hai-per-kih-NEE-zhah
increase in muscle movement or activity
43
hypertonia
hyper/tonia (over/tone)
hai-per-TOH-nee-yah
increased muscle tone or tightness
44
hypokinesia
hypo/kinesia (under/movement)
hai-poh-kih-NEE-zhah
decrease in muscle movement or activity
45
hypotonia
hypo/tonia (under/tone)
hai-poh-TOH-nee-ah
decrease in muscle tone or tightness
46
myalgia
my/algia (muscle/pain)
mai-AL-jah
muscle pain
47
myasthenia
my/asthenia (muscle/weakness)
mai-as-THEH-nee-ah
muscle weakness
48
myodynia
myo/dynia (muscle/pain)
mai-oh-DAI-nee-ah
muscle pain
49
myospasm
myo/spasm (muscle/involuntary contraction)
mai-oh-SPAZ-um
muscle spasm
50
tenalgia
ten/algia (tendon/pain)
ten-AL-jah
tendon pain
51
arthrocentesis
arthro/centesis (joint/puncture)
ar-throh-sin-TEE-sis
puncture of a joint
52
arthroscope
arthro/scope (joint/instrument to look)
AR-throh-skohp
instrument for looking into a joint
53
arthroscopy
arthro/scopy (joint/procedure to look)
ar-THRAW-skoh-pee
procedure of looking into a joint
54
electromyogram
electro/myo/gram (electricity/muscle/record)
eh-lek-troh-MAI-o-gram
a record of the electrical activity of a muscle
55
electromyography
electro/myo/graphy (electricity/muscle/writing procedure)
eh-LEK-troh-mai-AW-grah-fee
procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle
56
myography
myo/graphy (muscle/writing procedure)
mai-AW-grah-fee
procedure for studying muscles
57
arthrogram
arthro/gram (joint/record)
AR-throh-gram
visual record of a joint
58
arthrography
arthro/graphy (joint/writing procedure)
ar-THRAW-grah-fee
procedure used to examine a joint
59
computed axial tomography (CAT or CT)
axi/al tomo/graphy (axis/pertaining to cut/writing procedure)
imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis
60
kyphosis
kyph/osis (bent/condition)
kai-FOH-sis
humped back; abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine
61
lordosis
lord/osis (bent backward/condition)
| sway back; abnormal forward curvature of the lower spine
62
scoliosis
scoli/osis (crooked/condition)
SKOH-lee-OH-sis
crooked back; abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
63
carpitis
carp/itis (wrist/inflammation)
kar-PAI-tis
wrist inflammation
64
craniomalacia
cranio/malacia (skull/softening)
kray-nee-oh-mah-LAY-shah
softening of the skull
65
exostosis
ex/ost/osis (out/bone/condition)
eks-aws-TOH-sis
an abnormal growth of bone out of another bone
66
fracture
Latin for break
FRAK-shur
a bone break
67
osteodystrophy
osteo/dys/trophy (bone/bad/nourishment)
aws-tee-oh-DIH-stroh-fee
poor bone development
68
osetolysis
osteo/lysis (bone/loss)
aw-stee-AW-lih-sis
bone loss
69
osteonecrosis
osteo/necr/osis (bone/death/condition)
aw-stee-oh-nih-KROH-sis
death of bone
70
osteosclerosis
osteo/scler/osis (bone/hard/condition)
aw-stee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis
abnormal hardening of bone
71
polydactyly
poly/dactyl/y (many/finger/condition)
paw-lee-DAK-tih-lee
having more than the normal number of fingers (or toes)
72
spondylitis
spondyl/itis (vertebra/inflammation)
spawn-dih-LAI-tis
vertebra inflammation
73
spondylomalacia
spondylo/malacia (vertebra/softening)
spawn-dih-loh-mah-LAY-shah
softening of the vertebra
74
syndactyly
syn/dactyl/y (together/finger/condition)
sin-DAK-tih-lee
fusion (sometimes called webbing) of fingers (or toes)
75
tarsoptosis
tarso/ptosis (ankle/drooping)
tar-sawp-TOH-sis
flat feet
76
bursolith
burso/lith (bursa/stone)
BIR-soh-lith
a stone in a bursa
77
effusion
ef/fusion (out/pour)
ee-FYOO-zhun
fluid buildup
78
hemarthrosis
hem/arthr/osis (blood/joint/condition)
hee-mar-THROH-sis
blood in a joint
79
hydrarthrosis
hydr/arthr/osis (water/joint/condition)
hai-drar-THROH-sis
water (fluid) in a joint
80
pyarthrosis
py/arthr/osis (pus/joint/condition)
pai-ar-THROH-sis
pus in a joint
81
atrophy
a/trophy (no/nourishment)
A-troh-fee
underdevelopment, decrease, or loss of muscle tissue
82
hypertrophy
hyper/trophy (over/nourishment)
hai-PER-troh-fee
overdevelopment of muscle tissue
83
myocele
myo/cele (muscle/hernia)
MAI-oh-seel
hernia of muscle tissue
84
myolysis
myo/lysis (muscle/loss)
mai-AW-lih-sis
loss of muscle tissue
85
myomalacia
myo/malacia (muscle/softening)
mai-oh-mah-LAY-shah
softening of the muscle
86
myosclerosis
myo/scler/osis (muscle/hard/condition)
mai-oh-skleh-ROH-sis
hardening of a muscle
87
myotasis
myo/tasis (muscle/expansion)
mai-AW-tah-sis
stretching of a muscle
88
myotonia
myo/tonia (muscle/tone)
mai-oh-TOH-nee-ah
muscle tone
89
ankylosing spondylitis
ankylos/ing spondyl/itis (stiffen/causing vertebra/inflammation)
an-kih-LOH-sing spawn-dih-LAI-tis
a stiffening inflammation of the vertebrae
90
chondro-osteodystrophy
chondro/osteo/dys/trophy (cartilage/bone/bad/nourishment)
KAWN-droh-AW-stee-oh-DIH-stroh-fee
poor development of bones and cartilage
91
craniosynostosis
cranio/syn/ost/osis (skull/together/bone/condition)
KRAY-nee-oh-SIN-aw-STOH-sis
the premature fusing of the skull bones
92
dactylitis
dactyl/itis (finger/inflammation)
DAK-tih-LAI-tis
finger inflammation
93
hypertrophic spondylitis
hyper/trophic spondyl/itis (over/nourishment vertebra/inflammation)
HAI-per-TROH-fik spon-dih-LAI-tis
overdevelopment of the vertebrae causing inflammation
94
osteitis
oste/itis (bone/inflammation)
AW-stee-AI-tis
bone inflammation
95
osteochondritis
osteo/chondr/itis (bone/cartilage/inflammation)
AW-stee-oh-kon-DRAI-tis
inflammation of bone and cartilage
96
osteogenesis imperfecta
osteo/genesis im/perfecta (bone/creation not/complete)
AW-stee-oh-JIN-eh-sis IM-per-FEK-tah
a disease in which the bones do not develop correctly, also known as brittle bone disease
97
osteomalacia
osteo/malacia (bone/softening)
AW-stee-oh-mah-LAY-shah
softening of the bone
98
osteomyelitis
osteo/myel/itis (bone/marrow/inflammation)
AW-stee-oh-MAI-eh-LAI-tis
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow
99
osteopathy
osteo/pathy (bone/disease)
AW-stee-AW-pah-thee
bone disease
100
osteopenia
osteo/penia (bone/deficiency)
AW-stee-oh-PEE-nee-yah
reduction in bone volume
101
osteoporosis
osteo/por/osis (bone/pore/condition)
AW-stee-oh-por-OH-sis
loss of bone density
102
spinal stenosis
spinal sten/osis (spinal narrow/condition)
SPAI-nal stih-NOH-sis
abnormal narrowing of the spine
103
spondyloarthropathy
spondylo/arhtro/pathy (vertebra/joint/disease)
SPAWN-dih-loh-ar-THRAW-pah-thee
joint disease of the vertebrae
104
spondylolisthesis
spondylo/listhesis (vertebra/slipping)
SPAWN-dih-loh-lis-THEE-sis
the slipping or dislocation of a vertebra
105
spondylolysis
spondylo/lysis (vertebra/loss)
SPAWN-dih-LO-li-sis
loss of vertebra structure
106
spondylosis
spondyl/osis (vertebra/condition)
SPAWN-dih-LOH-sis
vertebra condition
107
arthritis
arthr/itis (joint/inflammation)
ar-THRAI-tis
joint inflammation
108
rheumatoid arthritis
rheumat/oid arthr/itis (rheumatic fever/resembling joint/inflammation)
ROO-mah-toyd ar-THRAI-tis
inflammation of the joints; it is called rheumatoid because its symptoms resemble those of rheumatic fever
109
septic arthritis
septic arhtr/itis (rotting joint/inflammation)
SEP-tik ar-THRAI-tis
inflammation of the joint caused by infection
110
osteoarhtritis
osteo/arthr/itis (bone/joint/inflammation)
AW-stee-oh-ar-THRAI-tis
inflammation of the joints, specifically those that bear weight
111
arhtrocele
arthro/cele (joint/hernia)
AR-throh-seel
hernia of a joint
112
arthrodysplasia
arthro/dys/plasia (joint/bad/formation)
AR-throh-dis-PLAY-zhah
abnormal joint development
113
arthropathy
arthro/pathy (joint/disease)
ar-THRAW-pah-thee
joint disease
114
arthrosclerosis
arthro/scler/osis (joint/hard/condition)
AR-throh-skleh-ROH-sis
hardening of the joints
115
bursitis
burs/itis (bursa/inflammation)
bur-SAI-tis
inflammation of the bursa
116
bursopathy
burso/pathy (bursa/disease)
bur-SAW-pah-thee
disease of the bursa
117
subluxation
sub/luxation (beneath/dislocation)
sub-luk-SAY-shun
partial dislocation of a joint
118
achondroplasia
a/chondro/plasia (no/cartilage/formation)
AY-kawn-droh-PLAY-zhah
a defect in the formation of cartilage
119
chondromalacia
chondro/malacia (cartilage/softening)
KAWN-droh-mah-LAY-shah
abnormal softening of the cartilage
120
costochondritis
costo/chondr/itis (rib/cartilage/inflammation)
KAW-stoh-kawn-DRAI-tis
inflammation of the cartilage of the rib
121
faciitis
fasci/itis (fascia/inflammation)
FA-shee-AI-tis
inflammation of the fascia
122
muscular dystrophy
muscul/ar dys/trophy (muscle/pertaining to bad/nourishment)
MUS-kyoo-lar DIS-troh-fee
disorder characterized by poor muscle development
123
myoclonus
myo/clonus (muscle/turmoil)
MAI-oh-KLAWN-us
violent muscle contraction
124
myopathy
myo/pathy (muscle/disease)
mai-AW-pah-thee
muscle disease
125
myasthenia
my/asthenia (muscle/weakness)
MAI-as-THEE-nee-ah
muscle weakness
126
myofasciitis
myo/fasc/itis (muscle/fascia/inflmmation)
MAI-oh-FA-shee-AI-tis
inflammation of the muscle and fascia
127
myositis
myos/itis (muscle/inflammation)
MAI-oh-SAI-tis
muscle inflammation
128
necrotizing fasciitis
necrot/izing fasci/itis (death/causing fascia/inflammation)
NEH-kroh-TAI-zing FA-shee-AI-tis
inflammation of the fascia, causing the death of tissue
129
polymyositis
poly/myos/itis (many/muscle/inflammation)
PAW-lee-MAI-oh-SAI-tis
inflammation of multiple muscles
130
tardive dyskinesia
tardive dys/kinesia (slow bad/movement)
TAR-div DIS-kin-EE-zhah
condition characterized by the loss of muscle control
131
tendinitis
| tendonitis
```
tendin/itis
tendon/itis (tendon/inflammation)
TEN-dih-NAI-tis
TEN-dah-NAI-tis
tendon inflammation
```
132
chondroma
chondr/oma (cartilage/tumor)
kawn-DROH-mah
a muscle tumor
133
myoma
my/oma (muscle/tumor)
mai-OH-mah
a muscle tumor
134
myosarcoma
myo/sarc/oma (muscle/flesh/tumor)
MAI-oh-sar-KOH-mah
a cancerous muscle tumor
135
osteocarcinoma
osteo/carcin/oma (bone/cancer/tumor)
AW-stee-oh-KAR-sih-NOH-mah
bone cancer tumor
136
osteochondroma
osteo/chondr/oma (bone/cartilage/tumor)
AW-stee-oh-kon-DROH-mah
a tumore made up of bone and cartilage, also known as an exostosis made up of cartilage
137
osteosarcoma
osteo/sarc/oma (bone/flesh/tumor)
AW-stee-oh-sar-KOH-mah
cancerous tumor arising out of bone cells
138
analgesic
an/alge/sic (no/pain/agent)
A-nal-JEE-zik
a drug that relieves pain
139
antiarthritic
anti/arthri/tic (against/joint (pain)/agent)
AN-tee-ar-THRIH-tik
a drug that opposes joint inflammation
140
anti-inflammatory
anti/inflammatory (against/inflammation)
AN-tee-in-FLA-mah-TOR-ee
a drug that opposes inflammation
141
antipyretic
anti/pyre/tic (against/fever/agent)
AN-tee-pir-ih-tik
a drug that opposes fever
142
carpectomy
carp/ectomy (wrist/removal)
kar-PEK-toh-mee
removal of all or part of the wrist
143
costectomy
cost/ectomy (rib/removal)
kaws-TEK-toh-mee
removal of a rib
144
craniectomy
crani/ectomy (skull/removal)
KARY-nee-EK-toh-mee
removal of a portion of the skull
145
craniotomy
cranio/tomy (skull/incision)
KRAY-nee-AW-toh-mee
removal of a portion of the skull
146
external fixation
external fix/ation (outside fix/procedure)
EKS-tir-nal fik-SAY-shun
the fixation of a fractured bone from the outside (cast, splint, stabilizer)
147
internal fixation
internal fix/ation (inside fix/procedure)
IN-tir-nal fik-SAY-shun
the fixation of a fractured bone from the inside (screws, pins, plates)
148
closed reduction
closed re/duc/tion (closed back/lead/procedure)
klohzd ree-DUK-shun
returning bones to their proper position without the use of surgery
149
open reduction
open re/duc/tion (open back/lead/procedure)
OH-pen ree-DUK-shun
returning bones to their proper position through the use of surgery
150
metacarpectomy
meta/carp/ectomy (after/wrist/removal)
MEH-tah-kar-PEK-toh-mee
removal of a bone in the hand
151
orthotics
ortho/tics (straight/agent)
or-THAW-tiks
a device that aids in the straightening or stabilizing of a part of the body
152
ostectomy
ost/ectomy (bone/removal)
aws-TEK-toh-mee
removal of a bone
153
osteectomy
oste/ectomy (bone/removal)
aws-tee-EK-toh-mee
removal of a bone
154
osteoclasia
osteo/clasia (bone/breaking)
AWS-tee-oh-KLAY-zhah
the surgical breaking of a bone (often done to remedy a deformity)
155
osteoplasty
osteo/plasty (bone/reconstruction)
AWS-tee-oh-PLAS-tee
reconstruction of a bone
156
osteotomy
osteo/tomy (bone/incision) AWS-tee-AW-toh-mee
| incision into a bone
157
prosthesis
pros/thesis (toward/place)
praws-THEE-sis
a device that is added to a body to replace a missing part or lost function
158
spondylosyndesis
spondylo/syn/desis (vertebra/together/binding)
SPAWN-dih-loh-sin-DEE-sis
fusing together of multiple vertebrae
159
sternotomy
sterno/tomy (sternum/incision)
stir-NAW-toh-mee
incision into the sternum
160
tarsectomy
tars/ectomy (ankle/removal)
tar-SEK-toh-mee
removal of all or a portion of the ankle
161
tarsoclasia
tarso/clasia (ankle/breaking)
TAR-soh-KLAY-zhah
surgical fracture of the ankle (i.e. to treat clubfoot)
162
arthrectomy
arhtr/ectomy (joint/removal)
ar-THREK-toh-mee
removal of a joint
163
arthroclasia
arthro/clasia (joint/breaking)
AR-throh-KLAY-zhah
the therapeutic breaking of a joint to allow for increased mobility
164
arthrodesis
arthro/desis (joint/binding)
AR-throh-DEE-sis
surgical fixation of a joint
165
arthrolysis
arthro/lysis (joint/loose)
ar-THRAW-lih-sis
loosening a stiff joint
166
arthroplasty
arthro/plasty (joint/reconstruction)
AR-throh-PLAS-tee
reconstruction of a joint
167
arthrotomy
arthro/tomy (joint/incision)
ar-THRAW-toh-mee
incision into a joint
168
bursectomy
burs/ectomy (bursa/removal)
bir-SEK-toh-mee
removal of a bursa
169
bursotomy
burso/tomy (bursa/incision)
bir-SAW-toh-mee
incision into a bursa
170
chondrectomy
chondr/ectomy (cartilage/removal)
kawn-DREK-toh-mee
removal of cartilage
171
chondroplasty
chondro/plasty (cartilage/reconstruction)
KAWN-droh-PLAS-tee
reconstruction of cartilage
172
fasciectomy
fasci/ectomy (fascia/removal)
FA-shee-EK-toh-mee
removal of fascia
173
fasciodesis
fascio/desis (fascia/binding)
FA-shoh-DEE-sis
binding of fascia
174
fascioplasty
fascio/plasty (fascia/reconstruction)
FA-shoh-PLAS-tee
reconstruction of fascia
175
fasciorrhaphy
fascio/rrhaphy (fascia/suture)
fah-SHOR-ah-fee
suturing of fascia
176
fasciotomy
fascio/tomy (fascia/incision)
FA-shee-AW-toh-mee
incision into fascia
177
myectomy
my/ectomy (muscle/removal)
mai-EK-toh-mee
removal of muscle
178
myodesis
myo/desis (muscle/binding)
MAI-oh-DEE-sis
binding of a muscle
179
myomectomy
my/om/ectomy (muscle/tumor/removal)
MAI-oh-MEK-toh-mee
removal of a muscle tumor
180
myoplasty
myo/plasty (muscle/reconstruction)
MAI-oh-PLAS-tee
muscle reconstruction
181
myorrhaphy
myo/rrhaphy (muscle/suture)
mai-OR-ah-fee
muscle suture
182
myotomy
myo/tomy (muscle/incision)
mai-AW-toh-mee
incision into muscle
183
tendectomy
tend/ectomy (tendon/removal)
ten-DEK-toh-mee
removal of a tendon
184
tendoplasty
tendo/plasty (tendon/reconstruction)
TEN-doh-PLAS-tee
reconstruction of a tendon
185
tenodesis
teno/desis (tendon/binding)
TEN-oh-DEE-sis
binding of a tendon
186
tenolysis
teno/lysis (tendon/loose)
ten-AW-;ih-sis
freeing/loosening a tendon
187
tenonectomy
tenon/ectomy (tendon/removal)
TEN-oh-NEK-toh-mee
removal of a tendon
188
tenoplasty
teno/plasty (tendon/reconstruction)
TEN-oh-PLAS-tee
reconstruction of a tendon
189
tenorrhaphy
teno/rrhaphy (tendon/suture)
ten-OR-ah-fee
suture of a tendon
190
tenotomy
teno/tomy (tendon/incision)
ten-AW-toh-mee
incision into a tendon
191
Hx
history
192
Fx
fracture
193
Tx
traction or treatment
194
ACL
anterior cruciate ligament
195
MCL
medial collateral ligament
196
LCL
lateral collateral ligament
197
PCL
posterior cruciate ligament
198
C1-C7
cervical (of the neck) vertebrae
199
T1-T12
thoracic (of the chest) vertebrae
200
L1-L5
lumbar (of the loin) vertebrae
201
S1-S5
sacral vertebrae
202
DTR
deep tendon reflexes
203
EMG
electromyogram
204
FROM
full range of motion
205
NSAID
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
206
OA
osteoarthritis
207
ORIF
open reduction internal fixation
208
PT
physical therapy
209
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
210
RICE
rest, ice, compression, elevation
211
ROM
range of motion
212
WB
weight bearing
213
WBAT
weight bearing as tolerated
