Ch. 7: Word Parts of the Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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2
Q

adren/o

adrenal/o

A

adrenal gland

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3
Q

cortic/o

A

outer surface

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4
Q

gonad/o

A

gonads (sex organs)

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5
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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6
Q

pituitar/o

hypophys/o

A

pituitary gland

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7
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

an organ found in the upper chest, under the sternum and in front of the heart

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8
Q

thyr/o

thyroid/o

A

thyroid

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9
Q

gluc/o
glucos/o
glyc/o

A

sugar

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10
Q

crin/o

A

to secrete

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11
Q

hormon/o

A

hormone

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12
Q

ket/o

A

ketone body

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13
Q

-tropin

A

stimulating hormone

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14
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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15
Q

-uria

A

urine condition

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16
Q

adenalgia

A

aden/algia (gland/pain)
AD-eh-NAL-jah
pain in the gland

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17
Q

adrenal virilism

A

adrenal viril/ism (adrenal man/condition)
ad-REE-nal VIR-il-izm
development of male secondary sexual characteristics caused by excessive secretion of the adrenal gland

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18
Q

adrenarche

A

adren/arche (adrenal/beginning)
AD-ren-AR-kay
beginning of adrenal secretion (at puberty)

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19
Q

hirsutism

A

Latin for shaggy
HIR-soo-tizm
excessive growth of facial and body hair in women

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20
Q

amenorrhea

A

a/meno/rrhea (no/menstrual/flow)
ah-MEN-or-REE-ah
lack of menstrual flow

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21
Q

gynecomastia

A

gyneco/mast/ia (woman/breast/condition)
GAI-neh-koh-MAS-tee-ah
development of breast tissue in males

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22
Q

hypergonadism

A

hyper/gonad/ism (over/gonad/condition)
HAI-per-GOH-nad-izm
condition in which there is excessive secretion of the sex glands

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23
Q

hypogonadism

A

hypo/gonad/ism (under/gonad/condition)
HAI-poh-GOH-nad-izm
condition in which there is undersecretion of the sex glands

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24
Q

menarche

A

men/arche (menstrual beginning)
MEN-ar-kee
beginning or first menstruation

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25
Q

thelarche

A

thel/arche (breast/beginning)
thee-LAR-kee
beginning of breast development

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26
Q

hypoglycemic

A

hypo/glyc/em/ic (under/sugar/blood/pertaining to)
HAY-poh-glai-SEE-mik
pertaining to low blood sugar

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27
Q

pancreatalgia

A

pancreat/algia (pancreas/pain)
PAN-kree-ah-TAL-jah
pain in the pancreas

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28
Q

polydipsia

A

poly/dips/ia (many/thirst/condition)
PAW-lee-DIP-see-ah
excessive thirst

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29
Q

polyphagia

A

poly/phag/ia (many/eat/condition)
PAW-lee-FAY-jah
excessive eating

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30
Q

polyuria

A

poly/uria (many/urine)
PAW-lee-YOO-ree-ah
excessive urination

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31
Q

acromegaly

A

acro/megaly (extremeties/enlargement)
AK-roh-MEH-gah-lee
abnormal enlargement of the extremities

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32
Q

galactorrhea

A

galacto/rrhea (milk/discharge)
gah-LAK-toh-REE-ah
discharge of milk

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33
Q

pituitary dawrfism

A

pituitary dwarfism
pih-TOO-ih-TER-ee DWAR-fizm
abnormally short height caused by undersecretioi of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

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34
Q

pituitary gigantism

A

pituitary gigantism
pih-TOO-ih-TER-ee jai-GAN-tizm
abnormally tall height caused by oversecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

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35
Q

exophthalmos

A

ex/ophthalmos (out/eye)
EKS-of-THAL-mohs
protrusion of the eye out of the socket

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36
Q

goiter

A

Latin for gutter (throat)
GOY-ter
swollen thyroid gland

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37
Q

thryocele

A

thyro/cele (thyroid/hernia)
THAI-roh-seel
another name for goiter

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38
Q

thyromegaly

A

thyro/megaly (thyroid/enlargement)
THAI-roh-MEH-gah-lee
enlargement of the thyroid

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39
Q

thyroptosis

A

thyro/ptosis (thyroid/drooping)
THAI-rop-TOH-sis
downward drooping condition

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40
Q

acidemia

A

acid/emia (acid/blood condition)

A-sih-DEE-mee-ah

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41
Q

alkalemia

A

alkal/emia (alkali/blood condition)
AL-kah-LEE-mee-ah
abnormal alkalinity (opposite of acidity) of the blood

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42
Q

calciuria

A

calci/uria (calcium/urine condition)
CAL-sih-YOO-ree-ah
calcium in the urine

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43
Q

chloremia

A

chlor/emia (chloride/blood condition)
klor-EE-mee-ah
increased chloride in the blood

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44
Q

euglycemia

A

eu/glyc/emia (good/sugar/blood condition)
YOO-glai-SEE-mee-ah
good blood sugar

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45
Q

glucosuria

A

glucos/uria (sugar/urine condition)
GLOO-koh-SOO-ree-ah
sugar in the urine

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46
Q

hypercalcemia

A

hyper/calc/emia (over/calcium/blood condition)
HAI-per-kal-SEE-mee-ah
excessive calcium in the blood

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47
Q

hypercholesterolemia

A

hyper/cholesterol/emia (over/cholesterol/blood condition)
HAI-per-koh-LES-ter-aw-LEE-mee-ah
excessive cholesterol in the blood

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48
Q

hyperglycemia

A

hyper/glyc/emia (over/sugar/blood condition)
HAI-per-glai-SEE-mee-ah
high blood sugar

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49
Q

hyperkalemia

A

hyper/kal/emia (over/potassium/blood condition)
HAI-per-kah-LEE-mee-ah
excessive potassium in the blood

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50
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

hyper/lipid/emia (over/fat/blood condition)
HAI-per-ih-pih-DEE-mee-ah
excessive fat in the blood

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51
Q

hypernatremia

A

hyper/natr/emia (over/sodium/blood condition)
HAI-per-nah-TREE-mee-ah
excessive sodium in the blood

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52
Q

hyperphosphatemia

A

hyper/phosphat/emia (over/phosphate/blood condition)
HAI-per-FAWS-fay-TEE-mee-ah
excessive phosphate in the blood

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53
Q

hypoglycemia

A

hypo/glyc/emia (under/sugar/blood condition)
HAI-poh-glai-SEE-mee-ah
low blood sugar

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54
Q

ketonuria

A

keton/uria (ketone/urine condition)
KEE-toh-NYOO-ree-ah
ketone bodies in the urine

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55
Q

polyuria

A

poly/uria (excessive/urine condition)
PAW-lee-YOO-ree-ah
excessive urination

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56
Q

uremia

A

ur/emia (urine/blood condition)
yoo-REE-mee-ah
presence of urinary waste in the blood

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57
Q

adrenaline

A

ad/renal/ine (on/kidney/chemical)
ad-REN-ah-lin
hormone secreted by the adrenal gland

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58
Q

epinephrine

A

epi/nephr/ine (upon/kidney/chemical)
EH-pee-NEF-rin
hormone secreted by the adrenal gland

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59
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

adreno/cortico/trop/ic (adrenal/cortex/stimulating/pertaining to)
ah-DreH-noh-KOR-tih-koh-TROH-pik HOR-mohn
hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland

60
Q

corticotropin

A

cortico/tropin (cortex/stimulating)
KOR-tih-koh-TROH-pin
shorter name for adrenocorticotropic hormone

61
Q

glucagon

A

gluc/agon (sugar/lead)
GLOO-kah-gawn
hormone secreted by the pancreas that stimulates the liver to increase blood sugar levels

62
Q

glucocorticoid

A

gluco/cortic/oid (sugar/cortex/resembling)
GLOO-koh-KOR-tih-koyd
hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with a role in carbohydrate metabolism

63
Q

gonadotropin

A

gonado/tropin (gonad/strimulating)
goh-NAD-oh-TROH-pin
hormone that stimulates the gonads

64
Q

insulin

A

insul/in (island/chemical)
IN-suh-lin
hormone secreted by the pancreas that controls the metabolism and uptake of sugar and fats

65
Q

thyrotropin

A

thyro/tropin (thyroid/stimulating)
THAI-roh-TROH-pin
hormone that stimulates the thyroid

66
Q

adenomegaly

adrenomegaly

A
adeno/megaly (gland/enlargement)
ah-DEN-oh-MEH-gah-lee
adreno/megaly (gland/enlargement)
ad-REN-oh-MEH-gah-lee
abnormal enlargement of a gland
67
Q

euthyroid

A

eu/thyroid (good/thyroid)
YOO-thai-royd
normal functioning thyroid

68
Q

gluconeogenesis

A

gluco/neo/genesis (sugar/new/formation)
GLOO-koh-NEE-oh-JIN-eh-sis
formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources

69
Q

glycolysis

A

glyco/lysis (sugar/loosen)
glai-KAW-lih-sis
breakdown of sugar

70
Q

glycopenia

A

glyco/penia (sugar/deficiency)
GLAI-koh-PEE-nee-ah
deficiency of sugar

71
Q

gonadogenesis

A

gonado/genesis (gonad/formation)
goh-NAD-oh-JIN-eh-sis
creation/development of gonads

72
Q

metabolism

A

meta/bol/ism (over/throw/condition)
meh-TAB-oh-LIZM
breakdown of matter into energy

73
Q

endocrine

A

endo/crine (inside/secretion)
EN-doh-krin
to secrete internally (into the bloodstream)

74
Q

endocrinologist

A

endo/crino/logist (inside/secretion/specialist)
EN-doh-krih-NAW-loh-jist
specialist in internal secretions

75
Q

exocrine

A

exo/crine (outside/secretion)
EKS-oh-krin
to secrete externally (through ducts to the surface of an organ; sweat glands and salivary glands)

76
Q

glycemic index

A

glyc/em/ic (sugar/blood/pertaining to)
glai-SEE-mik IN-deks
ranking of food based on the way it affects sugar levels in the blood

77
Q

ketogenesis

A

keto/genesis (ketone/creation)
KEE-toh-JIN-eh-sis
creation of ketone bodies

78
Q

thyroid function tests

A

thyroid function tests
THAI-roid FUNK-shun TESTS
tests performed to evaluate the function of the thyroid

79
Q

cholangiopancreatography

A

chol/angio/pancreato/graphy (bile/vessel/pancreas/writing procedure)
KOHL-AN-jee-oh-PAN-kree-ah-TAW-grah-fee
procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas

80
Q

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

A

endo/scop/ic retro/grade chol/angio/pancreato/graphy (inside/looking/pertaining to backward/step bile/vessel/pancreas/writing procedure)
EN-doh SKAW-pik REH-troh-GRAYD KOHL-AN-jee-oh-PAN-kree-ah-TAW-grah-fee
procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas in which an endoscope is passed backward from the digestive tract into the bile duct

81
Q

adenitis

A

aden/itis (gland/inflammation)
AD-en-AI-tis
inflammation of a gland

82
Q

adenopathy

A

adeno/pathy (gland/disease)
AD-eh-NOP-ah-thee
gland disease

83
Q

adenosis

A

aden/osis (gland/condition)
AD-en-OH-sis
gland condition

84
Q

dysmetabolic syndrome

A

dys/metabolic syn/drome (bad/metabolism together/running)
DIS-meh-tah-BAW-lik SIN-drohm
combination of medical disorders associated with faulty metabolism

85
Q

ketosis

A

ket/osis (ketone body/condition)
kee-TOH-sis
condition characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood

86
Q

polyadenopathy

A

poly/adeno/pathy (many/gland/disease)
PAW-lee-AD-eh-NOP-ah-thee
disease involving many glands

87
Q

adrenal insufficiency

A

adrenal in/sufficiency (adrenal not/adequate)
ad-REE-nal IN-suh-FIH-shun-see
condition in which the adrenal glands underproduce necessary hormones

88
Q

adenalitis

A

adrenal/itis (adrenal/inflammation)
ad-REE-nah-LAI-tis
inflammation of the adrenal gland

89
Q

adrenocortical insufficiency

A

adreno/cortic/al in/sufficiency (adrenal/cortex/pertaining to not/adequate)
ad-REE-noh-KOR-tih-kal IN-suh-FIH-shun-see
condition in which the adrenal cortex underproduces necessary hormones

90
Q

adrenocorticohyperplasia

A

adreno/cortico/hyper/plasia (adrenal/cortex/over/formation)
ad-REE-noh-KOR-tih-koh-HAI-per-PLAY-zhah
overdevelopment of the cortex of the adrenal gland

91
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

con/genit/al adrenal hyper/plasia (with/birth/pertaining to adrenal over/formation)
kon-JEN-ih-tal ad-REE-nal HAI-per-PLAY-zhah
genetic disease in which the adrenal gland is overdeveloped resulting in a deficiency of certain hormones and an overproduction of others

92
Q

diabetes mellitus

A
diabetes mellitus (pass through honey)
DAI-ah-BEE-teez MEH-lih-tis
metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia
93
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis

A

diabet/ic keto/acid/osis (diabetes/pertaining to ketone/acid/condition)
DAI-ah-BEH-tik KEE-toh-ASS-ih-DOH-sis
acidity of the blood caused by the presence of ketone bodies produced when the body is unable to burn sugar; thus, it must burn fat for energy

94
Q

pancreatic pseudocyst

A

pancreat/ic pseudo/cyst (pancreas/pertaining to false/cyst)
PAN-kree-at-il SOO-doh-sist
abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst

95
Q

pancreatitis

A

pancreat/itis (pancreas/inflammation)
PAN-kree-ah-TAI-tis
inflammation of the pancreas

96
Q

pancreatolith

A

pancreato/lith (pancreas/stone)
PAN-kree-AT-oh-lith
stone in the pancreas

97
Q

pancreatolithiasis

A

pancreato/lith/iasis (pancreas/stone/presence)
PAN-kree-at-oh-lih-THAI-ah-sis
presence of a stone in the pancreas

98
Q

hyperpituitarism

A

hyper/pituitar/ism (over/pituitary/condition)
HAI-per-pih-TOO-ih-tar-IZM
overfunctioning of the pituitary gland

99
Q

hypophysitis

A

hypophys/itis (pituitary/inflammation)
hai-PAWF-ih-SAI-tis
inflammation of the pituitary gland

100
Q

hypopituitarism

A

hypo/pituitar/ism (under/pituitary/condition)
HAI-poh-pih-TOO-ih-tar-IZM
condition cause by the undersecretion of the pituitary gland

101
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

pan/hypo/pituitar/ism (all/under/pituitary/condition)
PAN-HAI-poh-pih-TOO-ih-tar-IZM
defective or absent function of the entire pituitary gland

102
Q

pituitary infarction

A

pituitary in/farc/tion (pituitary in/stuff/condition)
pih-TOO-ih-TEH-ree in-FARK-shun
death of the pituitary gland

103
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

hyper/para/thyroid/ism (over/beside/thyroid/condition)
HAI-per-PAR-ah-THAI-roid-IZM
overproduction by the parathyroid glands

104
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

hyper/thyroid/ism (over/thyroid/condition)
HAI-per-THAI-roid-IZM
overproduction by the thyroid

105
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

hypo/para/thyroid/ism (under/beside/thyroid/condition)
HAI-poh-PAR-ah-THAI-roid-IZM
underproduction by the parathyroid

106
Q

hypothyroidism

A

hypo/thyroid/ism (under/thyroid/condition)
HAI-poh-THAI-roid-IZM
underproduction by the thyroid

107
Q

thyroiditis

A

thyroid/itis (thyroid/inflammation)
THAI-roid-AI-tis
inflammation of the thyroid

108
Q

thyrotoxicosis

A

thyro/toxic/osis (thyroid/poison/condition)
THAI-roh-TOKS-ih-KOH-sis
condition caused by the exposure of body tissue to excessive levels of thyroid hormone (an extreme version of this is known as “thyroid storm”)

109
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

adeno/carcin/oma (gland/cancer/tumor)
ad-EN-oh-KAR-sih-NOH-mah
cancerous tumor of a gland

110
Q

adenoma

A

aden/oma (gland/tumor)
AD-eh-NOH-mah
glandular tumor

111
Q

adrenal adenoma

A

adrenal aden/oma (adrenal gland/tumor)
ad-REE-nal AD-eh-NOH-mah
tumor of the adrenal gland

112
Q

adrenocortical carcinoma

A

adreno/cortic/al carcin/oma (adrenal/cortex/pertaining to cancer/tumor)
ad-REE-noh-KOR-tih-kal KAR-sih-NOH-mah
cancerous tumor originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland

113
Q

insulinoma

A

insulin/oma (insulin/tumor)
IN-suh-lih-NOH-mah
tumor that secretes insulin (found in the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas)

114
Q

parathyroidoma

A

para/thyroid/oma (beside/thyroid/tumor)
PAR-ah-THAI-roid-OH-mah
tumor of the parathyroid

115
Q

pituitary adenoma

A

pituitary aden/oma (pituitary gland/tumor)
pih-TOO-ih-TEH-ree AD-eh-NOH-mah
tumor on the pituitary gland

116
Q

thymoma

A

thym/oma (thymus/tumor)
thai-MOH-mah
tumor of the thymus

117
Q

continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

A

continuous sub/cutaenous insulin in/fus/ion (continuous beneath/skin insulin in/pour/procuss)
kun-TIN-yoo-us SUB-koo-TAY-nee-us IN-suh-lin in-FYOO-zhun
continuous injection of insulin into the blood from a pump inserted under the skin

118
Q

thyroidotoxin

A

thyroido/toxin (thyroid/poison)
thai-ROID-oh-TOK-sin
substance poisonous to the thyroid gland

119
Q

adenectomy

A

aden/ectomy (gland/removal)
AD-eh-NEK-toh-mee
removal of a gland

120
Q

ketogenic diet

A

keto/genic diet (ketone/generation)
KEE-toh-JIN-ik DAI-et
diet that aids in the production of ketones in the body

121
Q

thymectomy

A

thym/ectomy (thymus/removal)
thai-MEK-toh-mee
removal of the thymus

122
Q

adrenalectomy

A

adrenal/ectomy (adrenal/removal)
ad-REE-nal-EK-toh-mee
renoval of the adrenal gland

123
Q

laparoscopic adrenalectomy

A

laparo/scop/ic adrenal/ectomy (abdomen/looking/pertaining to adrenal/removal)
LAP-ah-roh-SKAW-pik ad-REE-nal-EK-toh-mee
removal of an adrenal gland by means of a laparoscope (instrument inserted into the abdomen for viewing)

124
Q

pancreatectomy

A

pancreat/ectomy (pancreas/removal)
PAN-kree-ah-TEK-toh-mee
removal of the pancreas

125
Q

pancreatolithectomy

A

pancreat/lith/ectomy (pancreas/stone/removal)
PAN-kree-ah-toh-lih-THEK-toh-mee
removal of a stone in the pancreas

126
Q

hypophysectomy

A

hypophys/ectomy (pituitary/removal)
hai-POF-is-EK-toh-mee
removal of the pituitary gland

127
Q

parathyroidectomy

A

para/thyroid/ectomy (beside/thyroid/removal)
PAR-ah-THAI-roid-EK-toh-mee
removal of the parathyroid

128
Q

thyroidectomy

A

thyroid/ectomy (thyroid/removal)
THAI-roid-EK-toh-mee
removal of the thyroid

129
Q

thyroidotomy

A

thyroido/tomy (thyroid/incision)
THAI-roid-AW-toh-mee
incision into the thyroid

130
Q

thyroparathyroidectomy

A

thyro/para/thyroid/ectomy (thyroid/beside/thyroid/removal)
THAI-roh-PAR-ah-THAI-roid-EK-toh-me
removal of the thyroid and parathyroid glands

131
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

132
Q

BS

A

blood sugar

133
Q

CGM

A

continuous glucose monitor

134
Q

DI

A

diabetes insipidus

135
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

136
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

137
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

138
Q

GDM

A

gestational diabetes mellitus

139
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

140
Q

GTT

A

glucose tolerance test

141
Q

HgA1C

A

hemoglobin A1C test (used by diabetes patients to monitor blood sugar levels)

142
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

143
Q

TFT

A

thyroid funtion test

144
Q

TSH

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as thyrotopin)

145
Q

T3

A

triiodothyronine (one of two primary hormones produced by the thyroid)

146
Q

T4

A

thyroxine (one of two primary hormones produced by the thyroid)