Ch 40, 41, & 26 Flashcards by MM B

What are the structures of the lower respiratory track

Trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs

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What is the blood test used to help diagnonose tuberculosis

TB blood test, QuantiFERON-TB

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Which medications are used to treat allergic rhinitis

Gold Plus, QFT-Plus, T0SPOT.TB

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Simply describe the process of ventilation

Breathing, movement of gases between the lungs and the environment. Includes the process of inspiration (inhale) and expiration (exhale)

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What are the signs of asthma

Shortness of breath, chest tightness or pain, coughing or wheezing attacks, and early morning or nighttime cough.

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Which microorganisms can cause a serious inflammation of the lugs

Pneumonia
Bacteria: Streptococcus pneumoniae; haemophilis influenzae; legionella pneumophilia; mycoplasma pneumoniae; chamydia pneumoniae; chamydia psittaci
Virus: influenza virus; respiratory syncytal virus (RSV)
Fungi: Pneumocytis jirovecii

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What are the signs and symptoms of sleep apnea

Loud snoring, breathing cessation during sleep, dry mouth, sore throat, morning headache, difficulty staying asleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, irritability, and attention problems

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What structure protects the opening into the larynx

The epiglottis

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What is the correct patient position for conducting a spirometry test

seated upright with feet flat on the floor, legs uncrossed, and chin slightly elevated, ensuring a relaxed but straight posture for accurate lung function measurements

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What is a polysomnography

also known as a sleep study, is a comprehensive examination that monitors various physiological parameters during sleep to diagnose and manage sleep disorders

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What respiratory action is initiated by a signal of the medula oblongata

inspiration (inhalation)

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Where does the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the lung tissue and the bloodstream occurs

In the alveoli

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What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia

Influenza virus

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What is the third leading cause of death in the US

Heart disease

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What is the best way to describe the “green zone” of a traditional peak flow metter

Doing well, no asthma symptoms; peak flow is more than 80% of normal peak flow; continue to take long-term control medications

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What is the purpose of the peek flow Metter and what are the steps for patients use

Measures the amount of air exhale
stand up straight, take a deep breath, place the mouthpiece in your mouth with a tight seal, and blow out as hard and fast as possible, then record the reading and repeat three times, noting the highest reading

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What are typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis

Itchy nose, mouth eyes and throat; problems smelling and runny nose; sneezing and watery eyes

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Which location of sinusitis is typically associated with pain and discomfort in the upper jaw and teeth

Maxillary sinusitis, the inflammation of the maxillary sinuses located in the cheekbones above the upper teeth

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What are the signs and symptoms of shock and what emergency procedures would an MA perform

Symptoms: Weak, rapid pulse and rapid, shallow respiration; changes in the level of consciousness: confusion, lack of alertness, loss of consciousness; dizziness, lightheaded, or faintness; sweaty, pale skin, cool hands and feet, bluish lips and fingernails; reduced or no urine output
immediately call for help, ensure the patient is lying down with legs elevated, loosen tight clothing, monitor vital signs, and be prepared to perform CPR or compression-only CPR if the patient becomes unresponsive

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Which disease is easily masked by symptoms regularly displayed by habitual smokers

Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease COPD

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Which chambers receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

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Left atrium

What is another name for heart attack and what abbreviation is used

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Congestive Heart Failure CHF
Myocardial Infarction MI

Which blood vessels carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart

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Veins (pulmonary)

Which drug is used to treat CHF

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Diuretics, anti-hypertensives, and digoxin
Angiotension II receptor blockers (ARBs), Angiotension-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibirots, Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs), and Alpha-Blockers
Anti-hypertensives
Beat-Blockers: Propranolol (Inderal XL, InniPran XL), Atenolol (Tenormin)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibirots: Quinapril (Accupril), Benaepril (Lotendin), Lidinopril, Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL), Carvedilol (Coreg)
Agiotensin II Receptor Antagonists: Iosartan (Cozaar), Valsartan (Diovan, Prexxartan)
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs): Diltiazem (Cardizem, Cardia XT, Dilacor RX, Tiazac), Amlodipine (Katerzia, Norvasc)
Alpha-Blockers: Doxazosin (Cardura)
Diuretics
Triamterene (Dyrenium), Furosemide (Lasix), Hydrichlorothuazude (Microzide, Oretic)

The sensitive tissue in the right atrium wall that initiates the heartbeat

Sinoatrial (SA) node AKA pacemaker of the heart

The signal from the AV node is pick up by

the bundle of His or atrioventricular AV bundle

What medication is an example of a calcium channel blocker

Diltiazem (Cardizem, Cardia XT, Dilacor RX, Tiazac) Amlodipine (Katerzia, Norvasc)

What are some +lifestyle changes recommended for patients who have had a MI

Stop smoking and drinking alcohol, exercise, loose weight, and reduce stress, reduce or control high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and diabetes

What are the recommended LDL levels for patient not at risk and levels for those who are at high risk

LDL >100 mg/dL = Optimal LDL 100-129 = Near or above optimal LDL 130-159 = Borderline high LDL 160-189 = High LDL 190+ = Very high

What are the parts of the normal cardiac cycle

AKA heartbeat is divided into diastole phase, the heart is at rest and the atria fill with blood; and systole phase, the heart is contracting

Why do thrombi form in the coronary arteries

The cause of atherosclerosis is unknown, Risk factors include smoking, and unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, high blood pressure, unhealthy cholesterol levels and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Coronary heart disease (CHD) or coronary artery disease (CAD) plaque builds up in the tiny coronary arteries, damaging the vessel walls

What is the only artery that contains deoxygenated blood

The pulmonary artery

What is the function of a Doppler study

Provides information on the blood flow in the arms and legs. It helps diagnose arteriosclerosis, arterial occlusion (from blood clots), peripheral artery disease, aneurysms, arterial stenosis, and venous insufficiency

What is tachycardia

A rapid but regular heart rate; one that exceeds 100 beats per minute

What is bradycardia

A slow heart rate; a pulse below 60 beats per minute

What is the target BP for patients with diabetes or chronic kidney disease

Less than 130/80 mmHg, but with a focus on achieving a systolic BP (SBP) below 120 mmHg if tolerated, and a diastolic BP below 80 mmHg

Which patient would have an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator as standard treatment

A patient with arrythmia

What is a common site for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Deep veins in the legs

What is sclerotherapy

Involves an injection of a substance that closes the vein and within a few weeks the varicose vein should face

A provider may order a Doppler study for patients with ______ , ______, or _____

Blood clots, venous insufficiency, or peripheral artery disease,

What is the goal of angioplasty

To open narrow blood vessels by expanding a small balloon at the site, which widens the vessel; a stent (small metal coil) may be inserted to help keep the vessel open

What cardiac diagnostic tool requires the patient to exercise during the procedure

Exercise stress test (EST) or exercise electrocardiogram

Which procedure requires a cardiac patient to record o keep dairy of activities

Holter Monitor Diary

That is the purpose of heated stylus on an ECG

It draws the electrical activity of the heart onto heat-sensitive paper, creating a visual representation of the heart's rhythm and function

On a ECG the baseline is rising and failing, what action should a MA take

Clean the skin, replace the electrode with a new one, make sure all electrodes and lead wires are firmly attache, and turn on the baseline filter

Between which electrodes does standard limb lead I, II and III measure the current that the heart muscle produces

Lead I: Right arm (RA) to left arm (LA) Lead II: Right arm (RA) to left leg (LL) Lead III: Left leg (LL) to left arm (LA)

What controls the rate of heart contraction

The autonomic nervous system (ANS)

What are the ECG preparation instruction for a female patient

The patient needs to remove all clothing above the waist and wear a gown that opens in front

Where are the leads V1, V4, and V5 placed

V1: chest fourth intercostal space (ICS) at the right sternal edge V4: chest Fifth ICS on the midclavicular line V5: Same horizontal plane as v4 at the left anterior axillary line or the midpoint between V4 and V6

What does an ICD do

Implanted Cardio Defibrillator shocks the heart into normal rhythm

What occurs during the diastolic and systolic cardiovascular cycles

Diastole phase: the heart is at rest and the atria fill with blood Systole phase: the heart contracts

Ch 40, 41, & 26 Flashcards

(51 cards)