Ch 42, 39, & 47

Question 1

What is the most common cause (microorganism) of UTI’s in women

Answer 1

Escherichia coli (E. coli)

Question 2

What is typically caused by chlamydia or gonorrhea and is more common in men

Answer 2

Epidydimitis inflammation of the Epidydimis

Question 3

For renal angiography, why must the patient history on shellfish allergies be obtained

Answer 3

Because there could be an allergic reaction to the contrast medium

Question 4

What surgical procedure is used for the pediatric disorder, cryptorchidism

Answer 4

orchiopexy

Question 5

What is the medication Valtrex ordered to treat

Answer 5

Herpes virus infection

Question 6

What terms refers to scanty urine production

Answer 6

oliguria

Question 7

What is balanitis

Answer 7

an inflammation of the glans penis (the tip of the penis), often, but not always, accompanied by inflammation of the foreskin, in uncircumcised males

Question 8

What are the signs and symptoms of BPH

Answer 8

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), or an enlarged prostate.
Urgency, frequency, difficulty starting urination, urine retention, dribbling, hematuria, and repeated UTIs.

Question 9

Which term refer to the passage of urine from the body

Answer 9

Micturition

Question 10

What is a prostatectomy

Answer 10

Surgical removal of the prostate

Question 11

What are the signs and symptoms of prostatitis

Answer 11

urinary frequency, urgency, and pain or burning during urination

Question 12

The PSA test is used to detect ______

Answer 12

Prostate-specific antigen PSA:
prostate cancer

Question 13

What are the signs and symptoms of prostate cancer

Answer 13

Problems with urination: slow, weak stream; frequency, nocturia
Hematuria, blood in the semen
Difficulty getting an erection
Hip pain, back pain
Loss of bladder or bowel control

Question 14

A noncancerous cause of urinary problems in older men is

Answer 14

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH

Question 15

What is an androgen

Answer 15

sex hormones. They help start puberty and play a role in reproductive health and body development.

Question 16

Who would have the most successful kidney transplant

Answer 16

A living donor transplant, particularly from an identical twin

Question 17

Can polycystic kidney disease be cured by using antihypertensive drugs and diuretics

Answer 17

PDK is a chronic condition that slowly gets worst. The treatment goals are to control symptoms and prevent complications. Treatments often includes antihypertensive medications, diuretics, and low-salt diet. PDK can increase the risk of UTI due to blockages. UTIs should be treated quickly with antibiotics. Surgery to remove one or both kidneys may be required. The patient may also need dialysis or kidney transplantation.

Question 18

What is a condition that most often occurs in uncircumcised patients or men with diabetes

Answer 18

Balanitis

Question 19

What is the FDA approved HIV test designed for home screening

Answer 19

OraQuick In-Home HIV Test

Question 20

What type of medication is used to successfully treat chlamydia

Answer 20

Doxycycline

Question 21

A patient with ED, caution must be used with pharmaceutical treatment if patient is taking a _____ for an enlarged prostate

Answer 21

A patient with erectile disfunction who is taking nitrate or alpha blocker for an enlarged prostate (benign prostate hyperplasia or BPH) must have caution with phosphodiasterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors like sinedafil (Viagra), tadalafil (ciliasis), or vardenafil (levitra)

Question 22

Which hormone regulated the amount of calcium in the blood and bones

Answer 22

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 23

What is Cushing’s disease

Answer 23

Malfunction of the cortex of the adrenal gland, causing increased levels of cortisol

Question 24

How is acromegaly characterized

Answer 24

excess growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in adults, leading to enlargement of bones, soft tissues, and organs. The condition often manifests with enlargement of the hands, feet, face, and other features like a deeper voice, and thicker, oily skin

Question 25

Which endocrine gland regulated glucose levels

Answer 25

The pancreas

Question 26

Which endocrine gland uses iodine to produce its hormone

Answer 26

The thyroid gland

Question 27

Severe hypoglycemia in a patient which diabetes who takes insulin may result in _____

Answer 27

unconsciousness, seizures, and even death

Question 28

Is a ADH produced by the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 28

No, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is not produced by the anterior pituitary gland. It is synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland, from which it is released

Question 29

What type of patient would take the medication Levoxyl

Answer 29

Levoxyl is a prescription medicine used to treat hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone). Levoxyl is also used to treat or prevent goiter (enlarged thyroid gland)

Question 30

What is macrosomia and how is it caused

Answer 30

condition where a baby is born significantly larger than average for their gestational age

Question 31

A patient had a FBS test, the laboratory results indicated the patient is suspected of having prediabetis. What is the range in mg/dL

Answer 31

For prediabetes in a Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) test, the range is typically 100 to 125 mg/dL

Question 32

What is diabetes mellitus type I

Answer 32

an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas

Question 33

What is the most common complication, affecting 60% to 70% of patients with diabetes

Answer 33

peripheral neuropathy

Question 34

What is often called the "master gland"

Answer 34

The pituitary gland

Question 35

How do patient with diabetes get macrovascular disease

Answer 35

primarily due to the damaging effects of high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) and insulin resistance, which accelerate the development of atherosclerosis.

Question 36

What are ketone bodies and how might a patient with diabetes have high levels

Answer 36

Ketones build up in the blood and eventually spill over into the urine

Question 37

Why would a patient be instructed to collect a first morning void

Answer 37

because the first urine of the day is generally more concentrated and therefore better for certain tests

Question 38

Crystals in urine may result in what type of appearance of the urine specimen

Answer 38

cloudy or turbid

Question 39

_____ is one of the first detectable signs of liver disease

Answer 39

Jaundice

Question 40

On a chemical analysis, a urine specimen from a female patient with a UTI will most likely have (increase or decrease) ______ pH, _____ nitrite, and _____ leukocyte esterase

Answer 40

Increase pH Positive nitrate Positive leukocyte esterase

Question 41

How many antiseptic towelettes are given to a female patient conduction a clean-catch midstream

Answer 41

three

Question 42

What are the normal pH levels in urine

Answer 42

5.5 to 8

Question 43

How long (duration) will a urine pregnancy test results should positive during a pregnancy

Answer 43

As early as 10 to 14 days and throughout the duration of the pregnancy

Question 44

What tubular structures found in the urine and composed mainly of mucoprotein secreted by certain cells of the kidney

Answer 44

casts

Question 45

Which chemical substance when found in urine may indicate kidney disease

Answer 45

Proteinuria

Question 46

What are normal color shades of urine

Answer 46

pale yellow to amber

Question 47

What does turbid mean

Answer 47

Cloudy or murky

Question 48

A child who has a mousy smell to his/her urine would most likely be diagnosed with _____

Answer 48

Phenylketonuria PKU

Question 49

Specific gravity of most urine falls between _____ and _____

Answer 49

1.005 to 1.030

Question 50

What is the most common test urine test for pregnancy

Answer 50

qualitative urine human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test