Ch 19, 50, 24, 25

Question 1

What is the most appropriate way of transport prepared blood specimens and other potentially infectious materials

Answer 1

Placing the materials in a leak-proof container during collection

Question 2

How are viral infections treated

Answer 2

Are treated with a focus on palliative care

Question 3

What are some common viral diseases

Answer 3

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS
Common cold
Corona disease COVI-19
Ebola
Human papillomavirus infections HPV
Infectious mononucleosis
Influenza
Measles
Molluscum contagious warts
Mumps
Polio
Rubella

Question 4

What type of gloves should be worn when sanitizing instruments

Answer 4

Utility gloves

Question 5

Following OSHA protocol, should contaminated needles be recapped

Answer 5

No

Question 6

What is humoral immunity

Answer 6

Production of antibodies in response to a foreign substance in the body

Question 7

What is the most important step in achieving hand asepsis

Answer 7

Friction and running warm water
Wash a minimum of 15-seconds with Antimicrobial soap and warm, running water

Question 8

What should be done if the eyes are exposed to OPIM, such as body fluids

Answer 8

Continuously flush them with water as soon as possible for minimum of 15 minutes using an eye wash unit

Question 9

Identify some common parasites

Answer 9

Amoebic dysentery
Giardiasis
Lice
Malaria
Pinworm
Scabies
Tapeworm: beef or pork
Tapeworm: fish
Toxoplasmosis
Trichinosis

Question 10

The CDC recommends nails should be

Answer 10

Artificial nails should not be worn, as they harbor more pathogenic microbes than natural nails. Natural nail tips shouldn’t be no longer than 1/4 inch

Question 11

What is an example of cell-mediated immunity

Answer 11

humoral immunity
The immune systems produces T cells causing the destruction of pathogenic cells at the site of invasion or infection

Question 12

Most pathogenic organisms remain viable at temperatures of ___ °C

Answer 12

4°C - 39.2°F

Question 13

What is medical asepsis

Answer 13

Destruction of disease-causing organisms after they leave the body. Reduction of microorganisms and the prevention of transfer of microorganisms

Question 14

What is surgical asepsis

Answer 14

Destruction of organisms before they enter the body. Complete destruction of microorganisms

Question 15

What microorganisms are unicellular

Answer 15

Protozoa

Question 16

What type of sample is needed to diagnose a helminth infection

Answer 16

Ova & parasites stool specimen O&P

Question 17

Would an anaerobic organism be present in an abscess or deep wound, if so, why

Answer 17

Yes, the anaerobic organism will be present because in a abscess or deep wound there is low or not oxygen present

Question 18

Sensitivity testing is determined by _____

Answer 18

The organism’s susceptibility to antibiotics

Question 19

What are spirochetes

Answer 19

Tightly coiled spirilla

Question 20

What color indicates a gram-positive bacteria

Answer 20

Purple

Question 21

What microorganism causes Pneumocytis pneumonia

Answer 21

Fungi: Pneumocytis jiroveci

Question 22

Staphylo-bacteria appear ___

Answer 22

Cocci: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection
Staphylococcal food poisoning
Wound infections, abscesses, boils

Question 23

What is cell wall peptidoglycan

Answer 23

A molecule composed of carbohydrate and protein

Question 24

What does Treponema pallidum cause and how is it transmitted

Answer 24

Spirilla bacteria that causes syphilis which is sexually or congenitally transmitted

Question 25

What is rickettsiae

Answer 25

Transmitted by blood-sucking insects and can't multiply a living host cell

Question 26

What is beta hemolysis

Answer 26

AKA as group A strep (GAS) causes strep throat

Question 27

Which laboratory department would a indirect immunologic test be performed

Answer 27

immunology or serology department of the laboratory

Question 28

In a pure culture of urine, an organism present in a quantity greater than _____/ml can indicate a UTI

Answer 28

100,000 cfu/mL

Question 29

When writing the name of a microorganism, what rules apply to the genus

Answer 29

First name begins with a capital letter. After the organism's full genus and species are given once in a report, subsequent references can just use a single letter to represent the genus

Question 30

What is required when testing for pinworms using cellulose tape

Answer 30

Specimens are best collected late at night or early in the morning. Bring the children to the office as soon as they wake up in the morning. Instruct the parent no to change the child's clothing or diaper before coming into the office.

Question 31

In the Kirby-Bauer Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test, what the an "S" indicate

Answer 31

Means that the pathogen is susceptible, or what the antibiotic is effective in destroying that particular organism

Question 32

Which instrument has a groove or hook to slide under sutures

Answer 32

Suture scissors

Question 33

Is restabilizing a classification for instruments

Answer 33

No, restabilizing is not a recognized classification for surgical instruments. These are typically classified by their function

Question 34

What are some anesthetic agents injected into subcutaneous tissue resulting in temporary cessation of feeling

Answer 34

Local anesthetics: all share the same suffix, -caine, lidocaine (Xylocaine), procaine (Novocain), chloroprocaine (Nesacaine) and bupivacaine (Sensorcaine)

Question 35

How should heavy instruments be handled after the surgery is complete

Answer 35

Heavier instruments should be at the bottom of the basin and lighter, more delicate instruments on top

Question 36

Which antiseptic is most effective for surgical hand scrub or patient skin preparation

Answer 36

Chlorhexidine gluconate products (Hibicleans) and povidone-iodine (Betadine)

Question 37

The jaws of which instrument are shorter and look stronger than hemostat jaw

Answer 37

Needle holder

Question 38

Which forceps are used to grasp tissue and aid in suturing

Answer 38

Allis tissue forceps

Question 39

Describe splinter forceps and it use

Answer 39

Design and construction vary. Fine tip for foreign object retrieval

Question 40

What is nasal specula used for

Answer 40

Krause nasal snare: wire loop at the tip that can be tightened. Use to remove polyps from the nares

Question 41

What solution is typically used to preserve excised specimen tissue

Answer 41

Formaldehyde solution 10% formalin

Question 42

Which ophthalmologic and otolaryngologic instruments are used to remove foreign bodies or polyps

Answer 42

Krause nasal snare: use to remove polyps from the nares Hartmann "alligator" ear forceps: used to remove foreign bodies and polyps Ivan laryngeal metal applicator: used to remove foreign bodies embedded in the pharynx "Buck" ear curette: used to remove foreign matter from the ear canals Sharp ear dissector: used to remove debris from the ear canal Wilde ear forceps: can be used to remove foreign bodies

Question 43

Reducing the number of microorganisms to a safe level is called _____

Answer 43

Sanitation

Question 44

What is the recommended temperature for sterilization ____ °F ______°C

Answer 44

250° to 255°F (121° to 123° C)

Question 45

What is the autoclave process

Answer 45

Method that uses moist heat and pressure to achieve sterilization. The pressure allows the steam to reach 250°F (121°C)

Question 46

What can cause an in which incomplete autoclave sterilization

Answer 46

Incorrect operation of an autoclave may result in superheated steam. If steam is brought to high a temperature, it is literally dried out and the advantage of a higher heat is diminished. Wet steam is another cause of incomplete sterilization. The main cause for incomplete sterilization in the autoclave is the presence of residual air.

Question 47

Which endoscope is rigid

Answer 47

Laparoscope

Question 48

Which catheter can be used on a man with a swollen prostate

Answer 48

Coude-tip catheter

Question 49

When should a post-operative patient call the office immediately

Answer 49

Redness around the operative site, fever or swelling, increasing severe pain

Question 50

Do patients have to sigh a written informed consent before beginning a surgical procedure

Answer 50

Yes

Question 51

What is a seamless tubular bandage best used for

Answer 51

Used a dressing if the gauze material is sterile; it can also be used as a bandage

Question 52

Describe Mayo scissors, Mets Scissors, Littauer scissors and Iris scissors

Answer 52

Mayo scissors: type of surgical scissors commonly used in various surgical procedures. They are known for their strong construction and are used for cutting heavy tissue, sutures, and dressings. Mayo scissors can be straight or curved, with blunt or semi-blunt tips Mets Scissors: Metzenbaum scissors, often called "Mets", are a type of surgical scissors specifically designed for delicate tissue dissection and cutting. They are characterized by their long, slender handles and blades, typically curved, though straight versions also exist. The blunt tips of these scissors minimize trauma to the tissue during dissection Littauer scissors: type of surgical instrument specifically designed for removing sutures. They are characterized by a small, hooked tip on one blade that allows for easy lifting and isolation of sutures before cutting. This design prevents damage to the surrounding tissue while enabling precise suture removal Iris scissors: small, precision surgical scissors designed for fine, delicate tissue dissection and suture removal, particularly in eye surgery. They are characterized by their sharp, pointed tips and can be straight or curved. They are available in different lengths and blade types, including supercut and tungsten carbide, for enhanced durability and edge retention