Ch 40: Spinal Canal

Question 1

The spinal cord is a slender cylinder composed of functional segments corresponding______

Answer 1

to 31 pairs of spinal nerves: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal.

Question 2

On cross section, the gray matter is a butterfly-shaped region with anterior horns controlling ____ function, lateral horns (in the thoracic and upper lumbar region) controlling_____ functions, and posterior horns involved in____

Answer 2

motor

autonomic

sensation

Question 3

The pia mater covers the spinal cord and its blood vessels. This layer condenses laterally into approximately___ pair of dentate ligaments, which suspend the cord to the dura mater.

Answer 3

20

Question 4

The dural sac ends inferiorly at ___, but the dura continues with the filum terminale down to the coccyx

Answer 4

S2-3

Question 5

in adults, the C8 nerve root leaves the cord at the__ vertebral body, the T6 nerve at the ___ vertebral level, and the T12 nerve at the __vertebral level. All of the lumbar nerves exit the spinal cord from vertebral levels, ____and all of the sacral nerves exit the spinal cord near the___

Answer 5

C6

T3

T9

T10 through T12

L1 vertebral level

Question 6

At its most caudal extent, the cord tapers to a thin segment, the____. It is tethered to the coccyx by the filum terminale, a dense thread of pia mater.

Answer 6

conus medullaris

Question 7

Vertebral foramina are ____ in the lumbar and cervical regions, where the cord is mostly mobile, and___ in the thoracic region

Answer 7

Triangular
Round

Question 8

The spinal canal is lined with ligaments, including the__ on its anterior wall, the ____between adjacent arches, and the ___between the spinous processes

Answer 8

posterior longitudinal ligament

flaval ligaments

interspinous ligaments

Question 9

The_____tract carries information about pain and temperature, and the ______ carries information about crude touch.

Answer 9

he lateral spinothalamic tract carries information about pain and temperature, and the anterior spinothalamic tract carries information about crude touch.

Question 10

The_________is one of the ascending tracts i.e. the neural pathways by which sensory information from the peripheral nerves is transmitted to the cerebral cortex. In the spinal cord, this pathway travels in the _________, and in the brainstem, it is transmitted through the medial lemniscus hence the name Conveys proprioception, light touch and vibration.

Answer 10

The dorsal column pathway is one of the ascending tracts i.e. the neural pathways by which sensory information from the peripheral nerves is transmitted to the cerebral cortex. In the spinal cord, this pathway travels in the dorsal column, and in the brainstem, it is transmitted through the medial lemniscus hence the name dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway. Conveys proprioception, light touch and vibration.

Question 11

Carry unconscious proprioceptive information gleaned from muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs, and joint capsules to the cerebellum

Answer 11

Spinocerebellar Tract:

Question 12

Carries information from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. Also called the pyramidal tract as it is the only point where all the fibres are collected together without contamination by other fibre tracts in the medullary pyramids of the brain stem.

Answer 12

corticospinal tract

Question 13

The muscles of the face, head and neck are controlled by the ________, which terminates on motor neurons within brainstem motor nuclei.

Answer 13

The muscles of the face, head and neck are controlled by the corticobulbar system, which terminates on motor neurons within brainstem motor nuclei.