Ch 41 Terms

Question 1

also known as a myocardial infarction (MI) - results from sudden decreases in coronary blood flow or an increase in myocardial oxygen demand without adequate coronary perfusion

Answer 1

Acute coronary syndrome

Question 2

the resistance to the ejection of blood from the left ventricle - the heart works harder to overcome the resistance

Answer 2

afterload

Question 3

transient imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand

Answer 3

angina pectoris

Question 4

provides assistance during inspiration and prevents alveolar closure during expiration - provides both inspiratory positive airway pressure and expiratory airway pressure

Answer 4

bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP)

Question 5

procedure that lets us see patients lungs and air passages - a thin tube (bronchoscope) is passed through the patient’s nose or mouth, down their throat and into their lungs

Answer 5

bronchoscopy

Question 6

noninvasive measurement of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in exhaled breath

Answer 6

capnography

Question 7

the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle each minute

Answer 7

cardiac output

Question 8

helps patients achieve and maintain an optimal level of health through controlled physical exercise, nutritional counseling, relaxation and stress-management techniques, prescribed medications, and oxygen

Answer 8

Cardiopulmonary rehabilitiation

Question 9

basic emergency procedure of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac massage

Answer 9

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Question 10

external chest wall manipulation using percussion, vibration, or high-frequency chest wall compression

Answer 10

Chest physiotherapy (CPT)

Question 11

catheter inserted through the rib cage into the pleural space to remove air, fluids, or blood - to prevent air or fluid from reentering the pleural space - to reestablish normal intrapleural and intrapulmonary pressures after trauma or surgery

Answer 11

chest tube

Question 12

occurs when there is decreased blood flow or injury to the brainstem - abnormal respiratory pattern with periods of apnea followed by periods of deep breathing and then shallow breathing followed by more apnea (type of breathing people do right before death)

Answer 12

Cheyne-stroke respiration

Question 13

maintains a steady stream of pressure throughout a patient’s breathing cycle - used with obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 13

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPap)

Question 14

increases tidal volume and decreases respiratory rate - leads to an overall improved breathing pattern and quality of life

Answer 14

Diaphragmatic breathing

Question 15

responsible for moving the respiratory gasses from one area to another by concentration gradients

Answer 15

Diffusion

Question 16

measurement of the electrical activity of the conduction system - monitors the regularity and path of the electrical impulse through the conduction system

Answer 16

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 17

short term artificial airway used to administer invasive mechanical ventilation, relieve upper airway obstruction, protect against aspiration, or clear secretions

Answer 17

Endotracheal (ET) tube

Question 18

bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 18

hematemesis

Question 19

bloody sputum

Answer 19

hemoptysis

Question 20

accumulation of blood and fluid in the pleural space usually from trauma - produces a counter pressure and prevents the lung from full expansion

Answer 20

hemothorax

Question 21

process of adding water to gas to keep airways moist - necessary for patients receiving oxygen therapy at high flow rates

Answer 21

humidification

Question 22

the lungs remove carbon dioxide faster than it is produced by cellular metabolism - severe anxiety, infection, drugs, or an acid-base imbalance will cause it

Answer 22

hyperventilation

Question 23

occurs when alveolar ventilation is inadequate to meet the oxygen demand of the body or to eliminate sufficient carbon dioxide

Answer 23

Hypoventilation

Question 24

reduced circulating blood volume

Answer 24

Hypovolemia

Question 25

inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level

Answer 25

Hypoxia

Question 26

tool used to encourage voluntary deep breathing - patients must inhale

Answer 26

Incentive spirometry

Question 27

lifesaving technique used with artificial airways

Answer 27

Invasive mechanical ventilation

Question 28

>35 breaths/min

Answer 28

Kussmaul respiration

Question 29

also known as acute coronary syndrome (ACS) - results from sudden decreases in coronary blood flow or an increase in myocardial oxygen demand without adequate coronary perfusion

Answer 29

Myocardial infarction (MI)

Question 30

results when the supply of blood to the myocardium from the coronary arteries is insufficient to meet myocardial oxygen demands

Answer 30

myocardial ischemia

Question 31

has 2 nasal prongs that are slightly curved and inserted in a patient’s nostrils

Answer 31

nasal cannula

Question 32

adds moisture to inspired air by mixing particles of varying sizes with the air - enhances mucociliary clearance allowing the body to remove mucus and cellular debris from the respiratory tract

Answer 32

neubulization

Question 33

maintains positive airway pressure and improves alveolar ventilation without the need for an artificial airway - CPAP and BiPAP

Answer 33

noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV)

Question 34

abnormal condition in which a patient uses multiple pillows when reclining to breathe easier or sits leaning forward with arms elevated

Answer 34

orthopnea

Question 35

relates to the ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Answer 35

perfusion

Question 36

collection of air in the pleural space causing loss of negative intrapleural pressure causing the lung to collapse

Answer 36

pneumothroax

Question 37

component of pulmonary hygiene - consists of drainage, positioning, and turning, sometimes accompanied by chest percussion and vibration - aids in improving secretion clearance and oxygenation

Answer 37

postural drainage

Question 38

the amount of blood in the left ventricle at the end of diastole before the next contraction

Answer 38

preload

Question 39

involves deep inspiration and prolonged expiration through pursed lips to prevent alveolar collapse

Answer 39

pursed-lip breathing

Question 40

volume of blood ejected from the ventricles during systole

Answer 40

stroke volume

Question 41

long-term artificial airway - tracheostomy tube is inserted directly into the trachea through a small incision made in a patient’s neck

Answer 41

tracheostomy

Question 42

process of moving gasses into and out of the lungs, with air flowing into the lungs during inhalation (inspiration) and out of the lungs during exhalation (expiration)

Answer 42

ventilation

Question 43

common health-associated infection in the ICU - pneumonia that develops greater than 48 hours after insertion of artificial airway or initiation of mechanical ventilation

Answer 43

ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)

Question 44

life-threatening rhythms that require immediate intervention - decreased cardiac output - sudden cardiac death

Answer 44

ventricular fibrillation

Question 45

life-threatening rhythms that require immediate intervention - decreased cardiac output - sudden cardiac death

Answer 45

ventricular tachycardia