Ch. 42

Question 1

What city saw the first and most numerous public concert series?

Answer 1

Paris

Question 2

Originally formed to give a public hearing to religious music sung in Latin, its repertory soon came to emphasize purely instrumental symphonies and concertos.

Answer 2

Concert spirituel

Question 3

Where were public concerts first centered in London?

Answer 3

Vauxhall Gardens

Question 4

What three connected movements are “sinfonia avanti l’opera” consisted of ?

Answer 4

Fast/slow/fast

Question 5

a three or four movement instrumental work projecting the unified sounds of an orchestra

Answer 5

concert symphony

Question 6

Who was the leader in the creation of the concert symphony?

Answer 6

Giovanni Battista Sammartini

Question 7

What is “Essay on Playing the Flute” and who wrote it?

Answer 7

a 300 page treasure trove of information about mid eighteenth-century performance practices written Johann Quantz, was one of the great flautists of the age

Question 8

What are some of the differences between playing in an orchestra then and now, as suggested by Quantz?

Answer 8

1. the principal violinist should serve as a conductor
2. a keyboardist fills out a figured bass to give the orchestral sounds more body
3. the principal violinist gets a pitch from the keyboard and then sounds it for other players
4. the pitch varies greatly from region to region
5. the orchestra should memorize the first few bars of the piece to watch the conductor and effect a cleaner, more emphatic beginning
6. the players should add ornaments but must be rehearsed
7. the players should stand during the concert except for the keyboardist and chellos
8. the players should tap the beat with the front of the foot to keep tempo

Question 9

the opening, incomplete sounding phrase of a melody, often followed by a consequent phrase that brings closure to the melody

Answer 9

antecedent phrase

Question 10

four bar complimentary unit that returns the music to the tonic

Answer 10

consequent phrase

Question 11

What did Johann Stamitz do?

Answer 11

he assembled an all star orchestra known as the “army of generals”; they had precise playing and uniform bowing among the strings as well as specialized in novel dynamic effects

Question 12

a gradual increase from very soft to very loud with a repeating figure over a pedal point

Answer 12

Mannheim crescendo

Question 13

a triadic theme that bursts forth as a rising arpeggio

Answer 13

Mannheim rocket

Question 14

What was the “La Melodia Germanica”?

Answer 14

a collection of six symphonies by Stamitz