Ch. 43

Question 1

an economic system in which the means of production of goods are privately owned and continually reinvested to bring ever increasing wealth to private individuals

Answer 1

Capitalism

Question 2

Alberti Bass animates…

Answer 2

Simple triads by playing the notes successively in a pattern; repeat the bass note, but in alternating octaves

Question 3

a rumbling octave bass became a favorite technique of both Italian and German composers of the 18th century

Answer 3

murky bass

Question 4

Why did composers of the 18th century use Alberti and Murky basses?

Answer 4

Used as a way of energizing what was at heart a simple, homophonic accompaniment

Question 5

How does the harpsichord produce sound?

Answer 5

strings are plucked and it always has the same force; not a wide range of dynamics

Question 6

Who invented the piano?

Answer 6

Bartolomeo Cristofori

Question 7

How does the piano produce sound?

Answer 7

Strikes the string with a soft hammer; can be controlled by the force of the player’s finger; wide range of dynamics

Question 8

What was the first music ever published for piano and who wrote it?

Answer 8

“Sonate da cimbalo di piano, e forte” ; Lodovico Giustini

Question 9

Who published Essercizi, exercises to help develop specific keyboard skills?

Answer 9

Domenico Scarlatti

Question 10

crunching downbeat dissonances made famous by Scarlatti

Answer 10

acciaccatura

Question 11

Scarlatti’s flamboyant style; the left hand must cross over the right to create an exciting three layer texture

Answer 11

hand-crossing

Question 12

What did King Frederick the Great do?

Answer 12

Transformed Berlin, he was full of art and learning, wrote poetry and music, built an opera house

Question 13

What does CPE Bach write about in his essay “Essay on the True Art of Playing the Keyboard”?

Answer 13

Bach tries to give both soloist and accompanist all the practical info the keyboard performer might need concerning musical intervals, key signatures, figured bass realization, ornamentation, improvisation, accompanying techniques and fingers; gives sonatas at the end to improve keyboard skills

Question 14

a term applied to the hyper-expressivity that affected norther European arts generally in the second half of the 18th century

Answer 14

Empfindsamer Stil

Question 15

What did CPE Bach urge in his essay?

Answer 15

“Play from the soul, not like a trained bird!”

Question 16

a rhapsodic, improvisatory work, often unbarred, in which the creative imagination waxes unfettered by conventional musical forms

Answer 16

Fantasia

Question 17

quaking-composed indicates this trembling effect in the score by placing dots with a slur over them above the note

Answer 17

Bebung

Question 18

Became a model for the public concert series in London and elsewhere throughout Europe

Answer 18

Bach-Abel concerts

Question 19

Johann Christian Bach’s music represents the essence of _____.

Answer 19

galant style; his melodies are smooth and graceful, his accompaniments simple, and his textures light and airy

Question 20

Created by Johannes Zumpe, it’s similar in shape and size to the earlier form, it had strings running at right angles to the keys and all set within a small rectangular box that could easily sit upon a table or simple stand

Answer 20

Square piano

Question 21

a large piano with sturdy legs and strings running roughly in the same direction as the keys

Answer 21

Grand piano