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Eq ACVS Phase 1 > Ch. 45 Pharynx > Flashcards

Ch. 45 Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the nasopharynx attach

A

Pterygoid, palatine, and hyoid bones and
Laryngeal, cricoid and thyroid cartilages

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2
Q

How does the basihyoid movement affect the pharynx

A

Ventral displacement increases nasopharyngeal size and stability by increasing the diameter of decreasing the compliance of the nasopharynx

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3
Q

Which are the intrinsic and extrinsic mm of the pharynx

A

Intrinsic - Mm of soft palate and nasopharynx
Palatinus and palatopharyngeus mm

Extrinsic - Mm of the larynx and hyoid apparatus

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4
Q

What is the palatine aponeurosis formed by

A

Expansion of the tendon of the tensor veil palatini muscle

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5
Q

Which 4 muscles are responsible for the position of the soft palate

A

Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
Palatinus
Palatopharyngeus

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6
Q

Innervation of the mm of the soft palate

A

Tensor veli palatini - Mandibula r branch of Trigeminal n.

Levator, palatinus, palatopharyngeus - Pharyngeal branch of Vagal n.

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7
Q

Function o the palatinus and palatopharyngeus mm

A

Shorten the soft palate and depress it toward the tongue

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8
Q

Muscles originating at the palatine aponeurosus

A

Palatinus
Palatopharyngeus
Tensor veli palatini

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9
Q

Which part of the stylopharyngeus dilates the pharynx and which is not stimulated during exercise

A

Rostral unstimulated
Caudal - pharyngeal dilator

O: Stylohyoid caudal third

I: Dorsal wall of pharynx

N: Glossopharyngeus

A: Tension on roof of nasopharynx - prevents collapse on insp

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10
Q

Levator palatini m

A

O: Temporal bone, m process of petrous part & auditory tube

I: Within soft palate

N. pharyngealbr of vagus n.

A. Elevates during swallow
closes nasopharynx
facilitates oral ventilation

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11
Q

Palatinus mm

A

O: Aponeurosis

I: Free margin of soft palate

N: Pharyngeal b of Vagus n.

A. Shorten sp and depress it toward tongue

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12
Q

Palatopharyngeus m

A

O: Aponeurosis & palatine and pterygoid bones

I: Thyroid cartilage upper edge & median fibrous raphe

N. Pharyngeal b of vagus n.

A. Shorten sp and depress it toward tongue

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13
Q

Blood supply and drainage of soft palate

A

Linguofacial trunk and maxillary artery
Lymphatic drainage to retropharyngeal ln

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14
Q

How do the extrinsic mm contribute to the patency off the nasopharynx

A

Increase its diameter by change in size of the oropharynx or position of the larynx
Increase stability of SP at exercise

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15
Q

What are the extrinsic mm of the pharynx

A
  1. Geniohyoideus
  2. Genioglossus
  3. Thyrohyoideus
  4. Hyoglossus
  5. Hyoepiglotticus
  6. Styloglossus
  7. Sternohyoideus
  8. Sternothyroideus
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16
Q

Genioglossus mm

A

O: Median tongue
I: Oral surface of mandible caudal to symphysis
N: Hypoglossal
A: Protracts tongue, pulls basihyoid rostrally

17
Q

The tongue tie mimics the action of what muscle

A

Genioglossus

18
Q

Geniohyoideus

A

O: Median tongue
I: Basihyoid
N: Hypoglossal
A: Protracts tongue

19
Q

Styloglossus

A

O: Lateral stylohyoid bone
I: Tip of tongue
N. Hypoglossal
A: Retract tongue

20
Q

Hyoglossus

A

O: Ling process, stylohyoid, thyrohyoid
I: Median dorsal tongue
A: Retract and depress
N. Hypoglossal n

21
Q

Sternothyroideus and Sternohyoideus

A

Caudohyoid mm

O: Sternal manubrium

I: Sternohyoid - Basihyoid
Sternothroid - caudaolateral thyroid

A: Caudal traction of hyoid and larynx

N: 1st and 2nd cervical nn.

22
Q

Hyoepiglotticus

A

Hyoid at base of epiglottis
Pulls epiglottis ventral

23
Q

Thyrohyoideus

A

O: Thyroid cartilage
I: Thyrohyoid bone
A: Rostral/dorsal movement of larynx

24
Q

Nasopharyngeal cicatrix how does it affect horses

A

Environmental irritant
Inflam of mucosa
Web formation
95% changes to arytenoids, opening to GP and epiglottis

25
Q

Transection of which mm creates Rostral Palatal instability

A

Tensor veli palatini

26
Q

RPI occurs during insp or exp

A

Inspiration

27
Q

Dysfunction of the stylopharyngeus caudalis m causes what

A

Collapse of the roof of the nasopharynx

28
Q

intraluminal collapse of the lateral walls of the nasopharynx is caused by dysfunction of

A

Palatopharyngeus mm

29
Q

Blocking which nerve can induce DDSP

A

Pharyngeal b of vagus n

30
Q

a. the pharynx is a musculomembranous tubular structure supported by bone or cartilaginous matrix

b. the nasopharynx is attached to the pterygoid, palatine, and hyoid bones and to the laryngeal, cricoid, and thyroid cartilages

c. ventral displacement of the basihyoid, decreases nasopharyngeal size and stability by decreasing the diameter or increasing the compliance of the nasopharynx

d. none of the above

A

b. the nasopharynx is attached to the pterygoid, palatine, and hyoid bones and to the laryngeal, cricoid, and thyroid cartilages

the pharynx is a musculomembranous tubular structure not supported by bone or cartilaginous matrix

ventral displacement of the basihyoid, which increases nasopharyngeal size and stability by increasing the diameter or decreasing the compliance of the nasopharynx

31
Q

Which of these statements is true regarding the pharynx

a. the intrinsic muscles include those of the larynx and the hyoid apparatus, which affect the position of the basihyoid bone and/ or the larynx, and probably affect the morphology of the nasopharynx by changes to the oropharynx.

b. the intrinsic musculature contributes to the stability of the nasopharynx mainly by timely muscular contractions that tense and dilate the pharyngeal walls

c. the extrinsic musculature contributes to the stability of the nasopharynx mainly by timely muscular contractions that tense and dilate the pharyngeal walls

d. none of the above

A

b. the intrinsic musculature contributes to the stability of the nasopharynx mainly by timely muscular contractions that tense and dilate the pharyngeal walls

the extrinsic muscles include those of the larynx and the hyoid apparatus, which affect the position of the basihyoid bone and/ or the larynx, and probably affect the morphology of the naso- pharynx by changes to the oropharynx.

32
Q

a. The extrinsic structures which are relevant to the stability of the nasopharynx are the Mandible, genioglossus muscle, geniohyoideus muscle, styglossus, hyoglossus muscle, basihyoid bone, hyoepiglotticus muscle.

b. The extrinsic structures which are relevant to the stability of the nasopharynx are the Mandible, genioglossus muscle, geniohyoideus muscle, stylohyoid bone, ceratohyoid bone, hyoglossus muscle, basihyoid bone, hyoepiglotticus muscle

c. The extrinsic structures which are relevant to the stability of the nasopharynx are the Mandible, genioglossus muscle, geniohyoideus muscle, stylohyoid bone, ceratohyoid bone, sternohyoideus m, hyoepiglotticus muscle

d. none of the above

A

b. The extrinsic structures which are relevant to the stability of the nasopharynx are the Mandible, genioglossus muscle, geniohyoideus muscle, styglossus, hyoglossus muscle, basihyoid bone, hyoepiglotticus muscle.

33
Q

a. the palatine aponeurosis is formed by expansion of the tendon of the tensor veli palatini muscle and attaches to the hamulus of the pterygoid bone

b. the position of the soft palate is partially determined by the coordinated function of four muscles the tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, palatinus, and palatopharyngeus muscles which are innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve

c. the position of the soft palate is partially determined by the coordinated function of four muscles the tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, palatinus, and palatopharyngeus muscles which are innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

d. none of the above

A

d.none of the above

the palatine aponeurosis is formed by expansion of the tendon of the tensor veli palatini muscle and attaches to the caudal margin of the hard palate

the position of the soft palate is partially determined by the coordinated function of four muscles the tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, palatinus, and palatopharyngeus muscles which are innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve except for the tensor veli palatini which is inn by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

34
Q

a. The palatinus muscle elevates the soft palate during swallowing, closes the nasopharynx, and facilitates oral ventilation in nonobligate nasal breathers

b. The levator veli palatini muscle consists of a paired fusiform muscle that originates at the caudal aspect of the palatine aponeurosis and courses through the middle of the soft palate, just beneath the nasal mucosa, to ramify in the caudal free margin of the soft palate.

c. the palatinus and palatopharyngeus muscles shorten the soft palate and depress it toward the tongue

d. none of the above

A

c. the palatinus and palatopharyngeus muscles shorten the soft palate and depress it toward the tongue

the levator veli palatini elevates the soft palate during swallowing, closes the nasopharynx, and facilitates oral ventilation in nonobligate nasal breathers

The levator veli palatini muscle consists of a paired fusiform muscle that originates at the caudal aspect of the palatine aponeurosis and courses through the middle of the soft palate, just beneath the nasal mucosa, to ramify in the caudal free margin of the soft palate.

35
Q

a. the tensor veli palatini tenses the rostral aspect of the soft palate by using the hamulus as a pulley and retracts the soft palate away from the dorsal pharyngeal wall, expanding the nasopharynx and slightly depressing it ventrad during inspiration

b. the rostral stylopharyngeus muscle is a pharyngeal constrictor that is not known to be stimulated during exercise

c. the caudal stylopharyngeus muscle is a pharyngeal dilator

d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

36
Q

a. stylopharyngeus with the palatopharyngeus muscles add to the stability of the roof of the nasopharynx

b. the palatine aponeurosis is formed by expansion of the tendon of the tensor veli palatini muscle

c. the caudal stylopharyngeus muscle is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve and is responsible for tension on the roof of the nasopharynx that helps preventing pharyngeal collapse during inspiratory pressure drops.

d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

37
Q

The extrinsic muscles of the pharynx are

a. thyrohyoideus, hyoepiglotticus, cricopharyngeus, thyropharyngeus, sternothyroideus

b. geniohyoideus, thyrohyoideus, genioglossus, hyoglossus, hyoepiglotticus, styloglossus, sternohyoideus, sternothyroideus

c. geniohyoideus, thyrohyoideus, genioglossus, hyoglossus, hyoepiglotticus, cricopharyngeus, thyropharyngeus

d.thyrohyoideus, hyoepiglotticus, cricopharyngeus,styloglossus, sternohyoideus, sternothyroideus

A

b. geniohyoideus, thyrohyoideus, genioglossus, hyoglossus, hyoepiglotticus, styloglossus, sternohyoideus, sternothyroideus

Common
thyrohyoideus
hyoepiglotticus
sternothyroideus

Just pharynx
geniohyoideus
genioglossus
hyoglossus
styloglossus
sternohyoideus

Just larynx
cricopharyngeus
thyropharyngeus

Eq ACVS Phase 1 (72 decks)

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