Ch 49 Endocrine Regulation Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the types of hormones?
Four types:
Fatty acid derivatives
Amino acids derivatives
Steroids
Peptide hormones
What is a type of fatty acid that cannot be formed in the body and has four important derivatives in inflammation? Clue: it has 20 amino acids
Arachidonic acid:
Thomboxanes
Leukotrienes
Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes
What are some types of steroids?
Testosterone, estrogen and HCG secreted by the placenta
What are some examples of amino acid derivatives with tyrosine as a precursor?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine. Target the adrenal medulla.
What are some examples of amino acid derivatives having tyrosine and iodide as precursors?
T3 (thyroxine) and T4 (triidothyronine). Secreted by thyroid.
What is an example of amino acid derivatives with tryptophan as a precursor?
Melatonin. Mainly produced by pineal gland.
What are two important peptide hormones that cannot function as vasopressin’s? Clue: They are 9 amino acids.
Oxytocin and ADH.
What are two peptide hormones that help regulate glucose levels?
Glucagon (alpha cells of pancreas) and insulin (by Betta cells of pancreas)
What does the amino acid derivative Glucagon do?
Breaks down glycogen in the liver into glucose
When a hormone is labeled as ‘tropic’ or ‘stimulating’, where is this hormone secreted from?
The anterior pituitary.
Where is the hormone secreted from if it’s labeled as ‘releasing hormone’ or has (RH-RF-FI-IH)?
Secreted by hypothalamus.
What is another name for Prolactin?
Mamotropic.
What is another name for melanocyte-stimulating hormone?
Melanotropin
What is another name for GH (growth hormone)?
Somatotropin
What does Prolactin (Mamotropin) stimulate?
Production of breast milk.
What does melanotropin (melanocyte stimulating hormones)
Stimulate melanin production in any vertebrates.
What are some examples of gonadotropic hormones?
Human Chorionic (outermost layer of embryo) Gonadotropin secreted by the placenta during pregnancy.
How is endocrine gland different than exocrine glands?
Endocrine glands lack ducts. They secrete their hormones directly into their surrounding interstitial fluid or blood.
What do anabolic steroids do?
They mimic testosterone. Responsible for building muscle.
Which types of cells can turn specific genes off and on?
Steroid and thyroid hormones
List the step by step process of steroid hormone binding to its specific receptors inside the cell.
- Steroid hormones enter the cell
- Binding to the receptor
- Formation of hormone-linked receptor
- DNA binding
- Gene transcription
- Protein synthesis
What are the two types of hormone receptors?
Intracellular receptors (in cytosol or nucleus)
Transmembrane receptor
Which hormone stimulates insects molting?
Ecdysone
What is the gland that stores and releases hormones released by the hypothalamus?
The pituitary gland.
