Ch. 5 Flashcards
(45 cards)
dynamic systems theory
a theory proposed by Esther Thelen
-seeks to explain how motor behavior are assembled for perceiving and acting
reflexes
involuntary movements or responses to actions, spontaneous
-identify normal brain and nerve activity, some occur only in specific developmental periods
root reflex
side of mouth is stroked or touched
-infant turns head, opens mouth to follow/root in direction of sucking
suck reflex
roof of baby’s mouth touched, baby sucks
Moro reflex
baby startled by loud sound, throws back head, extends limbs, and draws them back in
tonic neck reflex
baby’s head turned to one side, arm on that side stretches out and opposite arm bends up at elbow
grasp reflex
stroke baby’s palm, baby closes fingers in grasp
Babinski reflex
sole of foot is stroked, big toe bends back to top of foot, other toe fans out
step reflex
baby held upright with feet touching solid surface
-baby appears to take steps/dance
2-3 yr. old gross motor skills
rhythmic walks, hurried walk changes to run, jumps
-throws, catches, pushes riding toy with feet, little steering
3-4 yr. old gross motor skills
-walk up/down stairs, alternate feet, lead with one foot
-flex upper body, catch ball by trapping against chest, pedal and steer tricycle
4-5 yr. old gross motor skills
smooth run, skips with one foot, throws ball with increased body rotation
-rides tricycle rapidly, steers smoothly
5-6 yr. old gross motor skills
increase running speed to 12 ft/sec., smooth gallop, true skipping
-sideways stepping, mature, whole-body throwing, increased throwing speed
-rides bicycle with trained wheels
7-12 yr. old gross motor skills
increases running speed to 18+ ft/sec., continuous, fluid skipping
-increased vertical and broad jump, increased throwing and kicking speed, distance and accuracy
-increased ability to catch small balls over greater distances
-involves whole body in batting ball, continuous, relaxed hand dribbling
organized sports
half of U.S. kids participate in organized sports at some point between 5-18 yrs.
benefits of organized sports
increased self-esteem and social skills, increased confidence
-decline in social anxiety, continue playing into adolescence and adulthood
drawbacks of organized sports
overemphasis on competition, adult control substitutes children’s natural experimentation w/ rules and strategies
fine motor skills
achieved when kids learn to use smaller muscles
-hands, fingers, wrists
-requires precision and coordination
0-6 mth. fine motor skills
reflexive grasp, controlled reach
6-12 mth. fine motor skills
reaches, grasps, puts object in mouth, controlled release of objects
-picks things up with pincer grasp (thumb and forefinger)
-transfers objects from one hand to the other, drops and picks up toys
1-2 yrs. fine motor skills
build towers of 3 small blocks, scribbles, turns knobs
-self-feeds with minimal assistance, paints with whole arm movement
2-3 yrs. fine motor skills
strings beads, turns single pages of a book, snips with scissors
-holds crayon with thumbs and fingers (not fist), paints with wrist action
4-5 yrs. fine motor skills
cuts on the line, writes name and numbers 1-5, well-established handiness
5-6 yrs. fine motor skills
grasps pencil with 3 fingers and colors within lines, pastes and glues appropriately
-draw basic pictures
