Ch 5

Question 1

Mass balance definition

Answer 1

steady state of everything

Question 2

homeostasis defnition

Answer 2

the ability to cope with external variability by keeping their internal environment relatively stable

Question 3

homeostasis falls within _____, not an absolute number

Answer 3

a range

Question 4

mass balance in the body

Answer 4

everything ingested must have an equal secretion

Question 5

clearance definition

Answer 5

rate at which a molecule disappears from the body
- how long it takes for the body to rid of a particular item

Question 6

homeostasis vs equilibrium

Answer 6

chemical and electrical - more homeostasis due to disequilibrium
osmosis - equilibrium

Question 7

Intracellular fluid composition

Answer 7

K+ and large anions/proteins

Question 8

composition of plasma

Answer 8

Na+, Cl-, large anion/proteins

Question 9

composition of interstitial fluid

Answer 9

Na+, Cl-, some HCO3-

Question 10

does facilitated diffusion require ATP

Answer 10

no, that why it’s diffusion

Question 11

properties of diffusion

Answer 11

-passive
-high conc to low conc
-net movement until conc is equal
-rapid over short distances
-directly related to temp
-inversely related to molecular size
-in open system or across a partition

Question 12

functions of membrane proteins

Answer 12

-structure
-enzymes
-receptors
transporters

Question 13

structural protein function

Answer 13

-connect membrane to cytoskeleton
-create cell junctions to hold cells together
-attach cells to ECM

Question 14

examples of ligands for receptors proteins

Answer 14

-chemical
-hormone
-electrolyte

Question 15

channel protein properties

Answer 15

-regulates size and charge
-continuous
-fast
-general

Question 16

carrier protein properties

Answer 16

-regulates substrates
-not continuous
-slow
-specific

Question 17

facilitate diffusion by use of ______

Answer 17

carrier protein

Question 18

two types of active transport

Answer 18

-primary uses ATP for energy
-secondary uses potential energy

Question 19

ATP is necessary to carry substrate _____ the concentration gradient

Answer 19

against

Question 20

properties of NaK ATPase

Answer 20

3 sodium out
2 potassium in
uses 30% of all ATP produced by cell

Question 21

aspects of carrier-mediated transport

Answer 21

-specific
-competitive
-saturated

Question 22

example of secondary active transport

Answer 22

sodium glucose L transporter

Question 23

______ functions as competition for glucose transporter

Answer 23

galactose

Question 24

______ functions as a competetive inhibitor

Answer 24

maltose

Question 25

what would happen to glucose transport rates when maltose is present

Answer 25

flatline

Question 26

rate of transport is dependent on

Answer 26

-substrate concentration -number of carrier molecules

Question 27

forms of vesicular transport

Answer 27

-phagocytosis -endocytosis -exocytosis

Question 28

does vesicular transport use ATP

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

phagocytosis definition

Answer 29

the cell engulfs bacterium or other particles into phagosome; pushes cell membrane

Question 30

endocytosis properties

Answer 30

-membrane surface indents and forms vesicle -active process that can be nonselective(pinocytosis) or highly selective -receptor-mediated uses clathrin-coated pits -smaller than phagosomes

Question 31

ratio of ICF to ECF

Answer 31

2:1

Question 32

ratio of plasma and IF in ECF

Answer 32

1:3

Question 33

osmolarity describes

Answer 33

the number of particles in solution

Question 34

osmosis

Answer 34

movement of water across a membrane in response to a solute concentration gradient

Question 35

travels from _____ osmolarity to _____

Answer 35

low to high

Question 36

tonicity depends on ______ solutes only

Answer 36

nonpenetrating

Question 37

the electrical gradient between ECF and ICF is called

Answer 37

resting membrane potential

Question 38

which ions affect resting membrane potential the most

Answer 38

sodium and large anions inside the cell

Question 39

factors influencing cell membrane potential

Answer 39

-concentration gradients of ions -permeability of the membrane to those ions

Question 40

normal resting membrane potential

Answer 40

-70 mV