Endocrine System

Question 1

What is the posterior pituitary

Answer 1

An extension of the neural tissue of the brain, sometimes referred to as the neurohypophysis

Question 2

What is the anterior pituitary

Answer 2

A true endocrine gland of epithelial origin, sometimes called the adenohypophysis

Question 3

What is the hypothalamus

Answer 3

A brain region that contains several collections of neuronal cell bodies that provide a connection between the nervous system and the endocrine system

Question 4

What is the infundibulum

Answer 4

The stalk that connects the pituitary gland to the brain

Question 5

What is the role of the hypothalamus with regard to hormone release and endocrine function?

Answer 5

to release trophic hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary

Question 6

What is the target tissue of Prolactin (PRL)

Answer 6

mammary gland

Question 7

What is the target tissue of Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer 7

Bones and muscles

Question 8

What is the target tissue of Thyrotropin (TSH)

Answer 8

Thyroid gland

Question 9

What is the target tissue of Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)

Answer 9

Adrenal gland

Question 10

What is the target tissue of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Answer 10

ovary or testis

Question 11

What is the target tissue of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Answer 11

ovary or testis

Question 12

What is the target tissue of Oxytocin

Answer 12

mammary glands and uterus

Question 13

What is the target tissue of Vasopressin

Answer 13

kidneys

Question 14

Which loss of function would occur if you were to sever the connection between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary?

Answer 14

The anterior pituitary would not release hormones in response to trophic hormone stimulation

Question 15

What type of chemical is released by the posterior pituitary

Answer 15

neurohormone

Question 16

Which specific chemicals are released by the posterior pituitary

Answer 16

oxytocin and vasopressin

Question 17

where are the posterior pituitary neurohormones produced

Answer 17

hypothalamus neuronal cell bodies

Question 18

anterior pituitary is composed of _______ tissue

Answer 18

endocrine

Question 19

posterior pituitary is composed of _______ tissue

Answer 19

neural

Question 20

What tropic hormone stimulates cortisol from the adrenal gland

Answer 20

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 21

what are the tropic hormones

Answer 21

a group of hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands so as to produce their particular hormones: ACTH, FSH, LH, TSH

Question 22

What is the function of the ventral hypothalamic neurons

Answer 22

control secretion of TSH

Question 23

Insulin like growth factor (IGF) is an ______ hormone

Answer 23

intermediary

Question 24

IGFs are stimulated by

Answer 24

growth hormone

Question 25

oxytocin is regulated by ________

Answer 25

neuroendocrine reflex

Question 26

vasopressin is also known as

Answer 26

antidiruetic hormone (ADH)

Question 27

What is the most important regulatory factor controlling the circulating levels of thyroid hormone

Answer 27

negative feedback loop

Question 28

human body organization - smallest to largest

Answer 28

1. molecule 2. cell 3. tissue 4. organ 5. organ system 6. organism

Question 29

what is the definition of homeostasis

Answer 29

The ability of an organism to maintain relatively constant internal conditions even though external conditions may change

Question 30

the lumen of a hollow organ such as the stomach is considered to be part of the ______ environment

Answer 30

external

Question 31

in which body cavity does the heart sit

Answer 31

thoracic

Question 32

which two fluid compartments make up the extracellular fluid?

Answer 32

plasma and interstitial fluid

Question 33

lipids in the membrane include

Answer 33

phospholipids, cholesterol, sphingolipids

Question 34

______ proteins extend all the way across the membrane

Answer 34

transmembrane

Question 35

phospholipids are made of a _____ head and a _____ tail

Answer 35

hydrophilic; hydrophobic

Question 36

what are micelles?

Answer 36

Droplets of phospholipids containing a lipid core/center

Question 37

what is a liposome

Answer 37

double membrane droplet containing proteins along the center and an aqueous cor

Question 38

diffusion rate is dependent on

Answer 38

surface area of the membrane, concentration gradient, and permeability of the membrane

Question 39

where is most of the water in the body located

Answer 39

intracellular fluid