Ch 9

Question 1

Emergent properties of neural networks

Answer 1

thinking, language, feeling, learning, and memory

Question 2

Jellyfish nerve nets functionality

Answer 2

-sensory, interneuron, and motor, which innervate muscles and glands
-action potentials, chemical and electrical signals, organization

Question 3

Flatworm nervous system properties

Answer 3

-rudimentary brain (CNS vs PNS)
-cephalic region
-nerve cords

Question 4

Earthworm nervous system properties

Answer 4

-paired ganglia
-more advanced CNS
-segmentation

Question 5

fish nervous system properties

Answer 5

-forebrain/cerebrum
-used to process olfactory signals

Question 6

goose nervous system properties

Answer 6

-cerebellum (movement and balance)
-cerebrum (big and smooth)

Question 7

what is the grooves theory

Answer 7

that more grooves and folds of the brain means more intelligence

Question 8

human nervous system general properties

Answer 8

-forebrain for reasoning and cognition
-cerebellum for movement and balance

Question 9

are human forebrains large or small

Answer 9

huge

Question 10

a 4-week human embryo has ______ specialized brain regions

Answer 10

3;
forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

Question 11

at 6 weeks, the neural tube of humans has differentiated into ______ brain regions

Answer 11

7;
medulla oblongata
cerebellum
pons
midbrain
diencephalon
cerebrum
spinal cord

Question 12

at 6 weeks, the central cavity of the neural tube

Answer 12

becomes the ventricles

Question 13

by 11 weeks of embryonic development, the growth of the cerebrum

Answer 13

is more rapid than other areas of the brain

Question 14

gray matter composition

Answer 14

-unmyelinated nerve cell bodies
-dendrites
-axon terminals

Question 15

white matter composition

Answer 15

-myelinated axons
-contains very few cells bodies

Question 16

protection for the CNS includes

Answer 16

-bone; skull, vertebral column
-connective tissue
-fluid

Question 17

what are the three meninges from superficial to deep

Answer 17

-dura mater
-arachnoid membrane
-pia mater

Question 18

the dura mater is adjacent to

Answer 18

the arachnoid and the skull

Question 19

the spinal cord runs through the _______

Answer 19

vertebral column

Question 20

function of the meninges

Answer 20

help to stabilize neural tissue and protect it from bruising against bones

Question 22

which is the thinnest meninges

Answer 22

pia mater

Question 23

where is the subdural space

Answer 23

between the arachnoid membrane and dura mater

Question 24

where is the subarachnoid space

Answer 24

between the pia mater and the arachnoid membrane

Question 25

CSF flows from ______ into ______

Answer 25

choroid plexus; subarachnoid space

Question 26

what is the function of the choroid plexus

Answer 26

chemical and physical protection (similar to kidney)

Question 27

_______ circulates around brain and down spinal cord

Answer 27

cerebrospinal fluid - absorbs back into blood via villi

Question 28

purposes of CSF

Answer 28

-physical protection -chemical protection -padding protection -regulates extracellular

Question 29

the blood brain barrier acts as

Answer 29

a final layer of protection -barrier between interstitial fluid and blood -400 miles of brain capillaries -highly selective permeability -shelters the brain through tight junction

Question 30

In parkinson's dopamine must be converted to

Answer 30

L-dopa

Question 31

brain receives ___% of blood pumped by heart

Answer 31

15%, Oxygen moves freely across the BBB

Question 32

brain needs these two substances

Answer 32

oxygen and glucose

Question 33

the brain is responsible for about half of the body's _________ consumption

Answer 33

glucose

Question 34

a spinal reflex initiates a response without

Answer 34

input from the brain

Question 35

lobes of the brain

Answer 35

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital