Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3rd year/clinical > ch 5- CNS and PNS > Flashcards

ch 5- CNS and PNS Flashcards

1
Q

what is the leading cause of neurologic disability

A

ischemic stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the most important risk factors for stroke

A

age and hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how is the source of embolic stroke evaluated

A

echocardiogram, carotid dopplers, ECG/Holter monitoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what artery is the most common for a stroke and what are the symptoms

A

Middle cerebral artery- contralateral weakness, sensory loss and hyperreflexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what should be in the first imaging study ordered when patient may have had a stroke

A

CT scan without contrast of head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the pupillary findings in ICH due to the pons

A

pinpoint pupils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the pupillary findings in ICH due to the thalamus

A

poorly reactive pupils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the pupillary findings in ICH due to the putamen

A

dilated pupils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the term for parkinsonian symptoms + autonomic insufficiency

A

Shy-Drager syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are some common medications that have parkinsonian side effects

A

Neuroleptic drugs (chlorpromazine, haloperidol, perphenazine), metoclopramide, reserpine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what type of dementia has step-wise decline

A

vascular dementia (multi-infarct dementia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the triad associated with normal-pressure hydrocephalus

A

dementia, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what labs and imaging should be ordered when considering dementia

A

CBC with diff, chemistry panel, thyroid function tests, vitamin B12, folate level, VDRL, HIV screening and CT scan or MRI of head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

at what age does multiple sclerosis typically initially present

A

in a female in their 20s to 30s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the test of choice for MS

A

MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what medication can be given to shorten an acute attack in MS

A

high-dose IV corticosteroids

17
Q

how is a definitive diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome made

A

combination of CSF fluid analysis, clinical findings, and nerve conduction velocities

18
Q

what are the autoantibodies directed against in Myasthenia Gravis

A

against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of the Neuromuscular junction, leading to reduced post-synaptic response to acetylcholine

19
Q

what are the most common initial symptoms of Myasthenia gravis

A

ptosis, diplopia, blurred vision

20
Q

what is the test of choice for Myasthenia Gravis

A

acetylcholine receptor antibody test

21
Q

what medications can exacerbate symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis

A

antibiotics (ahminoglycosides and tetracyclines), beta blockers, anti-arrhythmics (quinidine, procainamide, lidocaine)

22
Q

how does tuberous sclerosis typically present clinically

A

cognitive impairment, epilepsy, and skin lesions (including facial angiofibromas, adenoma sebaceous)

23
Q

what is the key pathological feature of spurge-weber syndrome

A

presence of capillary angiomatoses of the pia mater

24
Q

what disorder is classified as bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation over the shoulders in cape like distribution, preservation of touch, thoracic scoliosis and muscle atrophy of hands

A

syringomyelia

25
Q

what are the clinical features of brown-sequard syndrome

A

contralateral loss of pain and temperature (spinothalamic tract), psilateral hemiparesis (corticospinal tract) and ipsilateral loss of position/vibration (dorsal columns)

26
Q

what is the triad associated with Meniere’s disease

A

vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss

27
Q

what is the most common cause of syncope

A

vasovagal syncope (neurocardiogenic)

28
Q

what test should be obtained with all patients with syncope

A

EKG

29
Q

what lab values should be checked immediately in an unfamiliar, seizing patient

A

serum calcium, serum sodium, serum glucose or Accu-Chek, BUN

30
Q

what is the hallmark of ALS

A

upper and motor neuron signs with progressive muscle weakness

31
Q

what is the most common cause of aphasia

A

cerebrovascular disease

32
Q

what aphasia is described as impaired comprehension of written or spoken language

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

33
Q

what aphasia is described as expressive, non-fluent aphasia with good comprehension of words

A

Broca’s aphasia

34
Q

what is the drug of choice for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia

A

carbamazepine

35
Q

what are the 2 main deficits associated with cerebral cortex lesions

A

contralateral motor or sensory deficits (depending on what region of the cortex is involved) and aphasia

36
Q

what clinical findings are common with cerebellar lesions

A

incoordination, intention tremor, ataxia

37
Q

what is the key finding with neuromuscular junction lesion

A

fatiguability

3rd year/clinical (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions