Ch 5 Definitions Flashcards
Sanction
Penalty imposed by court on person guilty of a criminal offence
Conviction
Finding of guilt made by court whether or not it is recorded
If record»_space; part of criminal record
Recidivism
Re-offending; return to crime after already convicted and sentenced
Punishment
Purpose of sanction - designed to penalise offender and show society and the victim that criminal behaviour will not be toleratedP
Protection
Purpose of sanction to safeguard the community from an offender by preventing them from committing a further offence
Deterrence
Purpose of sanction - designed to discourage others in the community from committing similar offences
General Deterrence
Purpose of sanction - designed to discourage others in the community from commit similar offence
Specific Deterrence
Purpose of sanction - designed to discourage offender from committing further offences
Denunciation
Purpose of sanction - demonstrates the community’s disapproval of offender’s actions
Rehabilitation
Purpose of sanction - designed to reform an offender - prevent from commit offences in future
Fine
Sanction that requires offender to pay an amount of money to the state
CCO
Flexible, non-custodial sanction (no prison sentence) that the offender serves in the community with conditions attached to the order
Imprisonment
Sanction that involves removing the offender from society for a stated period of time and placing them in prison
Parole
Supervised and conditional release of prisoner after minimum period has been served
Non-parole period
Minimum term a prisoner must serve before can be given parole
Indefinite Sentence
A term of prison that has no fixed end date - usually for most serious offenders
Concurrent Sentence
Sanction served at same time as another/others - usually given in relation to 2 terms of prison
Cumulative Sentence
Where 2 sentences are imposed and served one after another - 2nd commences after the 1st is served
Aggravating factors
Facts about offender/offence that can lead to a more severe sentence
Mitigating Factors
Facts about offender/offence that can lead to a less severe sentence
Guilty Plea
When an offender formally admits guilt which is then considered by the court when sentencing
Victim Impact Statement
Statement filed with the court by a victim that is considered by the court when sentencing
Describes particulars of any injuries/loss/damage suffered by victim as result of offence
