CH 5 Digestive system Pathologic Terminology

Question 1

achalasia

Answer 1

Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter muscles (LES) to relax; dilation of the esophagus above the stonosis (narrowing) and loss of peristalsis occur. LES spasm

Question 2

anal fistula

Answer 2

Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

Question 3

anorexia

Answer 3

Lack of apetite

Question 4

aphthous stomatitis

Answer 4

Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers; canker sores

Question 5

ascites

Answer 5

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Question 6

borborygmus

Answer 6

Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by hyperactive movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 7

cholelithiasis

Answer 7

Abnormal condition of forming gallstones

Question 8

cirrhosis

Answer 8

Chronic, degenerative disease of the liver

Question 9

colonic polyps

Answer 9

a fleshy growth occurring in the lining of the colon or rectum

Question 10

colorectal cancer

Answer 10

adenocarcinoma of the colon or the rectum or both.

Question 11

constipation

Answer 11

Difficulty in passing (eliminating) feces (stool)

Question 12

Crohn disease

Answer 12

Inflammatory bowel disease marked by diarrhea, pain, fever, weakness and weight loss

Question 13

dental caries

Answer 13

tooth decay

Question 14

diarrhea

Answer 14

Diarrhea is the frequent passage of watery, loose stools.

Question 15

diverticula

Answer 15

Small, pouch-like herniations through the muscular wall of a tubular organ such as the colon.

Question 16

diverticulitis

Answer 16

Inflammation of diverticula; abdominal pain and rectal bleeding are symptoms.

Question 17

diverticulosis

Answer 17

Abnormal condition of diverticula without inflammation

Question 18

dysentery

Answer 18

Painful intestines; marked by inflammation and infection, especially of the colon with abdominal pain and diarrhea.

Question 19

dysphagia

Answer 19

Difficulty in swallowing.

Question 20

eructation

Answer 20

Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth.

Question 21

esophageal cancer

Answer 21

malignancy that develops in the hallow, muscular esophagus

Question 22

esophageal varices

Answer 22

Swollen, twisted veins at the lower end of the esophagus.

Question 23

etiology

Answer 23

Study of the cause of disease

Question 24

flatus

Answer 24

Gas expelled through the anus

Question 25

gastric cancer

Answer 25

malignancy of the stomach. most commonly adenocarcinomas which may be ulcerating, polypoid, diffuse, and fibrous, or superficial spreading lesions.

Question 26

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Answer 26

(GERD) Backflow of solids and fluid from the stomach to the mouth against it’s normal direction of movement

Question 27

hematochezia

Answer 27

Passage of bright red blood from the rectum

Question 28

hemorrhoids

Answer 28

Swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region.

Question 29

herpetic stomatitis

Answer 29

Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpes virus. Painful, fluid filled blisters are produced b the infection and known as cold sores or fever blisters

Question 30

hiatal hernia

Answer 30

Protrusion of the upper portion of the stomach upward through the diaphragm

Question 31

icterus

Answer 31

Jaundice, yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood.

Question 32

idiopathic

Answer 32

Pertaining to unknown cause of the disease

Question 33

ileus

Answer 33

Failure of peristalsis with obstruction of the intestines

Question 34

inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 34

Severe inflammation of the small and large intestine (colon); examples are Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis

Question 35

inguinal hernia

Answer 35

A small loops of the bowel protrudes though a weakened abdominal muscle

Question 36

intusssusception

Answer 36

One portion of the intestine slips into an adjoining part; telescoping of the intestines

Question 37

irritable bowel disease

Answer 37

Group of gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, and bloating) associated with stress and tension.

Question 38

jaundice

Answer 38

A symptom of illness marked by yellw-prange discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes resulting from excess bilirubin in the blood

Question 39

melena

Answer 39

Black, tarry stools; feces containing blood.

Question 40

nausea

Answer 40

Unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit.

Question 41

oral leukoplakia

Answer 41

White plaques or patches on the mucous membranes of the mouth

Question 42

pancreatic cancer

Answer 42

cancer of the pancreas

Question 43

peptic ulcer

Answer 43

Open sore of lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach and the duodenum

Question 44

periodontal disease

Answer 44

Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone.

Question 45

ulcerative colitis

Answer 45

Inflammation of the colon and the rectum with the presence of ulcers; an inflammatory bowel disease.

Question 46

viral hepatitis

Answer 46

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus