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Med Terminoology > CH 6 Digestive System Terminology > Flashcards

CH 6 Digestive System Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

abdominal ultrasonography

A

Sound waves beam into the abdomen and produce an image of the abdominal viscera.

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2
Q

aphthous stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers; canker sores

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3
Q

atresia

A

Absence of normal opening.

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4
Q

bariatric surgery

A

gastric bypass surgery. (bar/o=weight; iatr/o=treatment) weight loss surgery. reduces the size of the stomach and diverts food to the jejunum.

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5
Q

biliary atresia

A

Congenital absence of the opening from the common bile duct into the small intestine (duodenum)

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6
Q

bronchiectasis

A

Abnorma widening of the bronchial tubes or their branches.

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7
Q

bronchospasm

A

sudden involuntary contraction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchial tubes; occurs in asthma

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8
Q

buccal

A

pertaining to the cheek

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9
Q

cecal volvulus

A

Abnormal twisting of the cecum (first part of the colon)

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10
Q

celiac disease

A

inherited autoimmune disorder. Villi in the small intestine are damaged by the immune system when the affected person eats foods containing gluten. Malabsorption & malnutrition occur.

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11
Q

cheilosis

A

Abnormal condition of the lips

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12
Q

cholangitis

A

inflammation of the bile vessel most commonly caused by a bacterial infection.

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13
Q

cholangiography

A

X-ray recording of bile vessels (ducts) using radiopaque contrast medium.
Process of X-ray imaging bile ducts after injecting contrast in the bile ducts

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14
Q

cholangiopancreatography

A

X-ray recording of bile vessels (ducts) and the pancreas after administration of contrast material directly into the bile and pancreatic ducts.

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15
Q

cholecystectomy

A

Excision or removal of the gallbladder

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16
Q

cholecystojejunostomy

A

Formation of a new opening between the gallbladder and the jejunum (second part of the small intestine); an anastomosis

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17
Q

cholecystolithiasis

A

Abnorml condition of stones in the gallbladder.

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18
Q

choledochal

A

Pertaining to the common bile duct

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19
Q

cholelithiasis

A

Abnormal condition of forming gallstones

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20
Q

cholestasis

A

Stoppage of bile flow

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21
Q

colectomy

A

surgical removal (excision) of the colon (large intestine)

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22
Q

colonoscopy

A

visual endoscopic examination of the colon

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23
Q

computed tomography

A

Series of x-ray pictures showing cross-sectional, axial, or transverse images of internal organs.

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24
Q

dentalgia

A

Pain in a tooth

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25
Q

duodenal

A

pertaining to the duodenum

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26
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

Painful menstrual flow

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27
Q

dyspepsia

A

Painful digestion; indigestion

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28
Q

dysphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing

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29
Q

endoscopic ultrasonography

A

EUS Use of an endoscope combined with ultrasound to examine the organs of the gastrointestinal tract

30
Q

esophageal atresia

A

Congenital absence of the normal opening from the esophagus to the stomach

31
Q

gastric bypass

A

Reducing the size of the stomach by diverting food into the jejunum (gastrojejunostomy); surgery to promote weight loss for extreme obesity (bariatric surgery)

32
Q

gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines

33
Q

gastrointestinal endoscopy

A

Visual examination of the stomach and intestines (GI TRACT) using an endoscope;
esophagogastrouduodenoscopy,
colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy

34
Q

gastrojejunostomy

A

New surgical opening between the stomach and the jejunum; an anastomosis. The procedure is part of a gastric bypass surgery.

35
Q

gastrostomy

A

New opening of the somach through the abdominal wall to the outside of the body

36
Q

gingivectomy

A

Removal of gum tissue

37
Q

glossectomy

A

Surgical removal of all or part of the tongue

38
Q

glycogen

A

Storage form of glucose (sugar); it produces glucose when it is broken down (glycogenolysis) in liver cells

39
Q

hematemesis

A

Vomiting blood

40
Q

hemolysis

A

destruction of red blood cells.

41
Q

hemoptysis

A

Spitting or coughing up blood as result of bleeding from any part of the respiratory tract.

42
Q

hemorrhage

A

Bursting forth or excessive flow of blood

43
Q

hepatomegaly

A

Enlargement fo the liver

44
Q

herniorrhaphy

A

suture (stitching or sewing up) a hernia

45
Q

ileostomy

A

Surgical formation of an artificial opening from the ileu to the outside of the body through the abdominal wall.

46
Q

labiodental

A

Pertaining to the lips and teeth

47
Q

laparoscopy

A

Process of visually examining the contents of the abdomen (using an endoscope)

48
Q

lipase

A

Enzyme (-ase_ that digests fats; produced by cells in the pancreas and secreted into the duodenum

49
Q

liver biopsy

A

Removal of liver tissue (percutaneous or through the skin) followed by microscopic examination

50
Q

liver function tests

A

Tests for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in blood or serum (clear fluid that remains after blood has clotted) Examples are ALT (SGPT) and AST (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase, and serum bilirubin tests.

51
Q

lower gastrointestinal series

A

X-ray images of the colon and lower portion of the small intestine after injescting barium (radiopaque contrast material) into the rectum; barium enema.

52
Q

lymphangiectasia

A

Widening ir dilation of lymph vessels.

53
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging

A

Magentic waves and radio waves produces images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body

54
Q

menorrhagia

A

Excessive flow of blood during menstruation

55
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

Insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach; removal of postoperative secretions or to obtain gastric and intestinal contents for analysis

56
Q

oropharynx

A

Central portion of the throat, just beyond the mouth

57
Q

palatoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the palate

58
Q

pancreatic

A

Pertaining to the pancreas

59
Q

paracentesis

A

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen; abdominocentesis

60
Q

periodontal membrane

A

Membrane that surrounds the tooth in the tooth socket

61
Q

polyphagia

A

Excessive eating

62
Q

proctosigmoidoscopy

A

Visual (endoscopic) examination of the naus, rectum and sigmoid colon

63
Q

proptosis

A

abnormal placement or protrusion of an eye or other body part

64
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

Narrowing or the pyloric sphincter

65
Q

rectal carcinoma

A

Colorectal cancer, also called colon cancer or large bowel cancer, includes cancerous growths in the colon, rectum and appendix

66
Q

rhinoplasty

A

surgical repair of the nose

67
Q

sialadenectomy

A

removal (excision) of a salivary gland

68
Q

splenic flexure

A

Downward bend of the colon on the left side of the body toward the descending colon

69
Q

steatorrhea

A

discharge of fat in the feces due to improper digestion an malabsorption of fat.

70
Q

stool culture

A

Test for microorganisms, such as bacteria, in feces.

71
Q

sublingual

A

Pertaining to under the tongue

Med Terminoology (14 decks)

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